Ehrman / Omenn / Caspari Genetics, Environment, and Behavior

Implications for Educational Policy
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6915-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 344 Seiten, Web PDF

Genetics, Environment, and Behavior: Implications for Educational Policy is a collection of papers from the 'Genetic Endowment and Environment in the Determination of Behavior' workshop in New York in October 1971. The book discusses the relationships between genetic characteristics and behavior as being significant in understanding human behavior and learning. The text also considers the different approaches made by geneticists and psychologists on this subject. Several papers review, in terms of both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the role that genetics and the environment play in determining behavior. One paper explains the possible role of genetic determination in behaviors as found in mice and men that show high probabilities of heritabilities. Another paper tackles biochemical genetics and explains the evolution of human behavior by addressing the enzyme variations in human brains and the role of language and culture. The book also cites gene-environment interactions and the variability that can be found in behavior with references to the works of Ginsburg (1967) and Vale and Vale (1969). One paper comments on the future of human behavior genetics, highlighting the distinction between what should happen and what most probably will happen. This text is suitable for sociologists, behavioral scientists, geneticists, educators, and students in psychology, psychiatry, and related branches of medicine.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ehrman, Lee

Omenn, Gilbert S.

Caspari, Ernst

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Genetics, Environment, and Behavior: Implications for Educational Policy;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS;12
6;FOREWORD;14
7;PREFACE;18
8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;20
9;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS;22
9.1;References;25
10;CHAPTER 2. QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE DETERMINATION OF BEHAVIOR;26
10.1;The Heritable Nature of Group Differences;27
10.2;Quantitative Aspects of Environmental Determination;32
10.3;Summary;36
10.4;References;37
10.5;Discussion;38
10.5.1;References;42
10.5.2;Reply to Professor Fuller: J. C. DeFries;42
10.6;Comment;44
10.6.1;Reply to Professor Jensen: J. C. DeFries;45
10.7;Comment;47
11;CHAPTER 3. QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE DETERMINATION OF BEHAVIOR;48
11.1;Genetic Determinism and the Influence of Physical Environment on Some Types of Behavior;49
11.2;Influence of Physiological Factors, Including Hormones,on Genes;55
11.3;Influence of Biological and Social Environment;57
11.4;Conclusion;63
11.5;References;64
11.6;Discussion;69
11.6.1;References;73
12;CHAPTER 4. GENETIC DETERMINATION OF BEHAVIOR (ANIMAL);76
12.1;The Comparative Method;76
12.2;Animal Behavioral Genetics;79
12.3;Genetics of Learning;80
12.4;Summary and Conclusions;85
12.5;References;86
12.6;Discussion;89
12.6.1;References;92
12.7;Comment;93
13;CHAPTER 5. GENETIC DETERMINATION OF BEHAVIOR (MICE AND MEN);96
13.1;Introduction;96
13.2;The Behavioral Phenotype;98
13.3;Hybrids;100
13.4;Trait Profiles in Different Genotypes;104
13.5;Measures of Learning;106
13.6;Extreme Environments and Genotypes;108
13.7;Mice and Men;110
13.8;The Meaning of the Term "Race";114
13.9;Conclusions and Summary;115
13.10;References;117
13.11;Discussion;120
13.12;Comment;124
14;CHAPTER 6. HUMAN BEHAVIOR ADAPTATIONS: SPECULATIONS ON THEIR GENESIS;126
14.1;General Considerations: Evolutionary Outcomes and Kinds of Selection;127
14.2;A Brief Overview of Primate Phylogeny;128
14.3;Evolution of Brain Size and Tool Use;128
14.4;Within Species Behavioral Variability;131
14.5;Adaptability and Genotype-Environment Interaction;132
14.6;The Evolution of Milk Drinking;136
14.7;What Next?;141
14.8;References;141
14.9;Discussion;144
14.9.1;References;148
15;CHAPTER 7. BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS AND THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR;150
15.1;Evolutionary Development of the Biological Substrate;152
15.2;Evolution of Allelic Gene Products;154
15.3;Evolution by Gene Duplication;156
15.4;Reductionistic Description of the Human Nervous System;158
15.5;Protein Polymorphisms;163
15.6;Current Studies of Enzyme Variation in Human Brain;165
15.7;Approaches to Complex Behavioral Phenotypes;171
15.8;The Central Role of Language in the Evolution of Man;178
15.9;The Impact of Evolution of Man's Culture upon Man;184
15.10;References;188
15.11;Discussion;193
15.11.1;References;198
16;CHAPTER 8. GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS AND THE VARIABILITY OF BEHAVIOR;202
16.1;Introduction;202
16.2;What Is Interaction?;203
16.3;Just as the Twig Is Bent? (Illustrations from Early Experience Studies);212
16.4;Parameters of Interaction;218
16.5;Concluding Remarks;220
16.6;References;225
16.7;Discussion;230
16.7.1;References;235
16.8;Comment;236
16.8.1;References;237
16.9;Comment;238
16.9.1;Reference;239
17;CHAPTER 9. THE MEANING OF THE CRYPTANTHROPARION;240
17.1;Introduction;240
17.2;The Formulation of the Scientific Problem;241
17.3;The Logistics of Research in the Problem of Human Behavior and Genetics;250
17.4;The Relationship of the Scientific Problem to Society;252
17.5;Final Statement;253
17.6;References;254
17.7;Discussion;261
18;CHAPTER 10. HUMAN BEHAVIORAL GENETICS;268
18.1;What Are the Effects of Single Genes on Behavior?;268
18.2;What Are the Effects of Chromosome Aberrations on Behavior?;270
18.3;How Can Behavior Whose Transmission Is Unknown Be Screened for Sensitivity to Genetic Differences?;271
18.4;How Can the Inheritance of Behavioral Attributes Be Studied?;278
18.5;Do Psychological Factors Have Genetic Significance?;280
18.6;To What Extent Are Group Differences in Behavior Genetic?;281
18.7;What Are the Effects of Behavior on Population Structure and Selection?;284
18.8;Summary;285
18.9;References;285
18.10;Discussion;287
18.10.1;References;291
18.10.2;Editors' Comment;291
18.10.3;References;292
19;CHAPTER 11. THE FUTURE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR GENETICS;294
19.1;Within and between Ethnic Group Comparisons;297
19.2;Intergration of Behavior Genetics, Biochemistry, and Physiology;298
19.3;Most Likely Future Research;299
19.4;Needed Ancillary Research;302
19.5;Need for "Basic" Theoretical Formation;304
19.6;References;305
19.7;Appendix 1: Suggestions for Ideal Body of "Core" Data to Be Collected in Cooperative Studies;306
19.8;Editor's Comment;308
19.9;References for Appendix;309
19.10;Discussion;311
19.10.1;References;316
20;CHAPTER 12. COMMENTS ON SCHOOL EFFECTS, GENE-ENVIRONMENT COVARIANCE, AND THE HERITABILITY OF INTELLIGENCE;318
20.1;The Search for Explanation: Do Schools Make a Difference?;318
20.2;Prediction or Explanation: Gene-Environment Covariance;321
20.3;The Heritability of Intelligence and School Achievement;322
20.4;References;326
21;Epilogue;328
22;Author Index;332
23;Subject Index;341