Harrad Persistent Organic Pollutants

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-470-68413-9
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 288 Seiten, E-Book

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are toxic, resistant todegradation, bioaccumulative, and display wide spatialdistribution. They accumulate in humans and wildlife, and have beenlinked to cancer, as well as reproductive and immunologicaldisorders. In 2001 a global treaty on POPs was agreed, to minimiseand ultimately eliminate the release of POPs into the environment.The Stockholm Convention lists 12 groups of chemicals, and as oflate 2008, a further 12 chemicals are under consideration forinclusion.
This book addresses all of these chemicals, but focusesparticularly on currently listed POPs that are still of majorconcern (e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs), as well as new andemerging POPs that have been the subject of an explosion ofscientific interest in the last decade, i.e. brominated flameretardants (BFRs) and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Otherchapters address the challenges posed by the presence of POPs inthe developing world; how the properties of chiral POPs can provideunique insights into their environmental sources, fate andbehaviour; and issues arising from the presence of POPs in urbanand indoor environments. Persistent Organic Pollutantsprovides a much-anticipated reference source for a wide audienceincluding academics, industrial scientists and regulators.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Harrad, Stuart

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Beyond the Stockholm Convention: An Introduction to CurrentIssues and Future Challenges in POPs Research (StuartHarrad).
References.
2. Brominated Flame Retardants (Robin J. Law).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Sources.
2.3 Overview of measurement techniques.
2.4 Physico-chemical properties and their influence onenvironmental fate and behaviour.
2.5 Overview of toxicology.
2.6 Environmental levels - present, past and futuretemporal trends.
2.7 Human exposure - magnitude and relative significanceof pathways.
2.8 Summary/Conclusions.
Acknowledgements.
References.
3. Perfluoroalkyl Compounds (Naomi L. Stock, Derek C.G. Muir, and Scott Mabury).
3.1 Introduction and Nomenclature.
3.2 Manufacturing and Production.
3.3 Overview of Toxicology.
3.4 Physical Chemical Properties and EnvironmentalFate.
3.5 Overview of Measurement Techniques.
3.6 Human Exposure.
3.7 Sources of PFCs to the Environment.
3.8 Environmental Measurements.
References.
4. Chirality as an Environmental Forensics Tool(Charles S. Wong, Nicholas A. Warner).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Classes of Chiral Legacy and Persistent OrganicPollutants.
4.3 Measuring and Quantifying Enantiomer Composition ofPOPs.
4.4 Chirality to Characterize Environmental BiochemicalProcesses.
4.5 Chirality to Quantify Rates of Biotransformation.
4.6 Chirality as a tool for Pollutant Source Apportionment.
4.7 Caveats in using Chirality to probe Biologically-MediatedEnvironmental Processes.
4.8 Conclusions.
Acknowledgements.
References.
5. Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Developing World(Bondi Gevao, Henry Alegria, Foday M. Jaward and Mirza U.Beg).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Sources of POPs in developing countries.
5.3 Levels of POPs in developing countries.
5.4 Problems related to POPs in Developing Countries.
5.5 Conclusions.
References.
6. Sources, Fate and Effects of Contaminant Emissions inUrban Areas (Erin Hodgeand Miriam Diamond).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Chemical Emissions in Urban Areas.
6.3 Chemical Mixtures in Urban Media.
6.4 Urban Chemical Signatures.
6.5 Emissions and Environmental Degradation.
6.6 Urban Form and Chemical Emissions.
6.7 A Quantitative Model of Contaminant Fate in Urban Areas.
6.8 Future Directions.
Acknowledgements.
References.
7. The Contamination of Indoor Environments with PersistentOrganic Pollutants (Stuart Harrad).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Methods of Sampling.
7.3 Sources and Levels of Indoor Contamination.
7.4 Relative Significance of Indoor Exposure.
7.5 Uncertainties in Estimates of Exposure via Dust Ingestionand Indoor Air Inhalation.
7.6 International Differences in Indoor Contamination.
7.7 Concentrations in Different Microenvironment Categories.
7.8 Influence of Indoor Contamination on OutdoorContamination.
7.9 Future Research Priorities.
References.
8. The Chemicals that will not go away: Implications forHuman Exposure of Reservoirs of Pops (Miriam Diamond andStuart Harrad).
References.

Über Autor(innen)

Dr Stuart Harrad is a Senior Lecturer at the University ofBirmingham. He heads the NERC Network on POPs and has been selectedto chair Dioxin 2008, a major conference on Halogenated POPs (1000delegates).
He edited Persistent Organic Pollutants: Environmental Behaviourand Pathways of Human Exposure published by Kluwer in 2001.