Harris / Wiebe / Lenz ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual

1. Auflage 2000
ISBN: 978-0-08-049533-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 684 Seiten, Web PDF

The term 'zooplankton' describes the community of floating, often microscopic, animals that inhabit aquatic environments. Being near the base of the food chain, they serve as food for larger animals, such as fish. The ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) Zooplankton Methodology Manual provides comprehensive coverage of modern techniques in zooplankton ecology written by a group of international experts. Chapters include sampling, acoustic and optical methods, estimation of feeding, growth, reproduction and metabolism, and up-to-date treatment of population genetics and modeling. This book will be a key reference work for marine scientists throughout the world. - Sampling and experimental design - Collecting zooplankton - Techniques for assessing biomass and abundance - Protozooplankton enumeration and biomass estimation - New optical and acoustic techniques for estimating zooplankton biomass and abundance - Methods for measuring zooplankton feeding, growth, reproduction and metabolism - Population genetic analysis of zooplankton - Modelling zooplankton dynamics This unique and comprehensive reference work will be essential reading for marine and freshwater research scientists and graduates entering the field.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Harris, Roger

Wiebe, Peter

Lenz, Jurgen

Skjoldal, Hein-Rune

Huntley, Mark

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;18
6;Preface;20
7;Chapter 1. Introduction;24
7.1;1.1 Introduction;24
7.2;1.2 General definitions;24
7.3;1.3 Size classification;26
7.4;1.4 Main systematic groups;28
7.5;1.5 Species diversity;29
7.6;1.6 Ecological position;31
7.7;1.7 Distribution pattern;33
7.8;1.8 Growth and metabolism;33
7.9;1.9 Reproduction and development;35
7.10;1.10 Standing stock and production;35
7.11;1.11 Conclusion ;36
7.12;1.12 References;53
8;Chapter 2. Sampling and experimental design;56
8.1;2.1 Introduction ;56
8.2;2.2 Conceptual issues;57
8.3;2.3 Design of oceanographic cruises and surveys;63
8.4;2.4 References;72
9;Chapter 3. Collecting zooplankton;78
9.1;3.1 Introduction;78
9.2;3.2 A survey of sampling devices;80
9.3;3.3 Factors influencing mesozooplankton samples ;90
9.4;3.4 Handling towed samplers ;95
9.5;3.5 Care of towing cables;97
9.6;3.6 Handling samples and sample preservation;97
9.7;3.7 Collection of live zooplankton for experimental studies;99
9.8;3.8 Other zooplankton instruments used in conjunction with nets ;100
9.9;3.9 References;101
10;Chapter 4. Biomass and abundance ;106
10.1;4.1 Introduction ;106
10.2;4.2 Shipboard sample treatment;108
10.3;4.3 Biovolume and biomass determinations (W. Hagen) ;110
10.4;4.4 Abundance and species identification;170
10.5;4.5 Analysis of community structure (H. Fock) ;177
10.6;4.6 Acknowledgment ;197
10.7;4.7 References;197
11;Chapter 5. Sampling, preservation, enumeration and biomass of marine protozooplankton;216
11.1;5.1 Introduction;216
11.2;5.2 Collection methods;219
11.3;5.3 Preservation and enumeration;224
11.4;5.4 Determination of biomass conversion factors;229
11.5;5.5 Standard protocols;233
11.6;5.6 Acknowledgments;235
11.7;5.7 References ;235
12;Chapter 6. Acoustical methods;246
12.1;6.1 Introduction;246
12.2;6.2 General discussion of principles, instruments, techniques, and comparative approaches;246
12.3;6.3 Measurement protocols, model computations, and examples;264
12.4;6.4 Acknowledgments;276
12.5;6.5 References;276
13;Chapter 7. Optical methods;282
13.1;7.1 Introduction;282
13.2;7.2 General discussion of principles, techniques, and comparative approaches;283
13.3;7.3 Measurement protocols, model computations, and examples;306
13.4;7.4 Acknowledgments;314
13.5;7.5 References;314
14;Chapter 8. Feeding;320
14.1;8.1 Introduction;320
14.2;8.2 Feeding mechanisms of zooplankton ;320
14.3;8.3 Expression of zooplankton feeding rates and common conversion factors;322
14.4;8.4 Microzooplankton;326
14.5;8.5 Meso- and macrozooplankton;343
14.6;8.6 Difficulties with specitic zooplankton groups;382
14.7;8.7 Omnivory;388
14.8;8.8 Factors regulating feeding rate;391
14.9;8.9 Predation behavioral models;400
14.10;8.10 Concluding remarks;401
14.11;8.11 Acknowledgments;402
14.12;8.12 References;403
15;Chapter 9. The measurement of growth and reproductive rates;424
15.1;9.1 Introduction: why measure growth and reproductive rates of zooplankton?;424
15.2;9.2 Models of growth and fecundity;426
15.3;9.3 Determination of egg production rate: broadcast spawning copepods;430
15.4;9.4 Egg production rates of egg carrying copepods;441
15.5;9.5 The determination of growth rate ;443
15.6;9.6 Biochemical and radiochemical methods;448
15.7;9.7 Measurement of egg production rate of a marine planktonic copepod (Calanus Finmarchicus);462
15.8;9.8 Direct determination of copepod molting and growth rates in the field;464
15.9;9.9 Acknowledgments;467
15.10;9.10 Referemces;467
16;Chapter 10. Metabolism;478
16.1;10.1 Oxygen consumption as an index of metabolism;478
16.2;10.2 Nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism;481
16.3;10.3 Measuring metabolic rate on live zooplankton;483
16.4;10.4 Metabolic rate and enzymatic indices ;502
16.5;10.5 Concluding remarks;512
16.6;10.6 Collection and handling of zooplankton;513
16.7;10.7 Respiration;516
16.8;10.8 Excretion (T. Ikeda);539
16.9;10.9 References;543
17;Chapter 11. Methods for population genetic analysis of zooplankton;556
17.1;11.1 Background;556
17.2;11.2 Technical approaches to determining genetic diversity ;557
17.3;11.3 Statistical approaches to assessing genetic diversity and structure ;565
17.4;11.4 Strategies for preservation of zooplankton samples for genetic analysis;572
17.5;11.5 General recommendations;575
17.6;11.6 Measurement protocols ;576
17.7;11.7 Further reading ;585
17.8;11.8 Acknowledgments;586
17.9;11.9 References;587
18;Chapter 12. Modeling zooplankton dynamics;594
18.1;12.1 Introduction ;594
18.2;12.2 Modeling approaches and techniques ;595
18.3;12.3 Models of individual bioenergetics and life history traits;600
18.4;12.4 Population models;618
18.5;12.5 Models of zooplankton communities;635
18.6;12.6 Modeling spatial dynamics of zooplankton;647
18.7;12.7 Acknowledgments;666
18.8;12.8 References;667
19;Index;692