Hiestermann Paul and the Synoptic Jesus Tradition

1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-374-04984-4
Verlag: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 58, 240 Seiten, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 230 mm

Reihe: Arbeiten zur Bibel und ihrer Geschichte (ABG)

This study compares the Jesus traditions in Paul's genuine letters to the synoptic Jesus tradition. The aim is to identify parallels between Jesus traditions in the Pauline letters and synoptic Gospels and to determine whether the wording of the Pauline Jesus traditions is closer to any particular synoptic Gospel or Q. Paul's quotes of words of the Lord (1 Cor 7:10-11; 9:14; 11:23-25) as well as possible allusions to Jesus traditions in Paul's letters are investigated and compared to similar synoptic sayings of Jesus. Allusions to Jesus traditions in 1 Thessalonians and Romans are revisited. Special attention is paid to possible allusions in Galatians. The findings show that Paul does make use of Jesus traditions resembling those of the synoptics, particularly the Gospel of Matthew. [Paulus und die synoptische Jesustradition] In dieser Arbeit wird die Jesustradition in den Proto-Paulinen mit der synoptischen Jesustradition verglichen. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, Parallelen zwischen den Jesustraditionen in den Paulusbriefen und Synoptikern aufzuweisen und festzustellen, ob die von Paulus benutzte Jesustradition im Wortlaut näher an einer der Synoptiker bzw. Q ist. Die Zitate der Herrenworte in 1Kor 7,10-11; 9,14 und 11,23-25 werden erneut untersucht, sowie mögliche Anspielungen des Paulus auf die synoptische Jesustradition im ersten Thessalonicherbrief und im Römerbrief. Ein Schwerpunkt wird auf den Galaterbrief gestellt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Paulus in seinen Briefen synoptische Jesustraditionen benutzt, die vor allem mit dem Matthäusevangelium Gemeinsamkeiten aufzeigen.

Heinz Arnold Hiestermann, Dr. theol., Jahrgang 1980, studierte Evangelische Theologie an der Lutherisch Theologischen Hochschule Oberursel, an der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt und der Universität von Pretoria. Derzeit ist er als Pastor in der St. Petrusgemeinde Greytown/Südafrika tätig.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hiestermann, Heinz

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Christentum, Christliche Theologie Bibelwissenschaften Neues Testament: Exegese, Geschichte

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 13

Chapter 2: Paul and the Jesus tradition. The history of the debate 19
2.1 The first stage of the Jesus-Paul debate: The continuity between Jesus and Paul is questioned 19
2.2 The second stage of the Jesus-Paul debate: The search for Jesus traditions in Pauline literature intensifies 25
2.3 The third stage: The search for parallels develops into a separate part of Pauline literature 35
2.3.1 From Victor Furnish (1968) to Dale Allison (1982) 36
2.3.1.1 The focus on 1 Corinthians and Q 37
2.3.1.2 The first dissertations on Jesus traditions in 1 Corinthians 40
2.3.1.3 Moving away from 1 Corinthians 42
2.3.2 From 1984: Concerns are voiced 43
2.3.3 The search for parallels continues: From Wenham to Thompson 46
2.3.4 Different points of view continue to be expressed 48
2.3.5 Since the turn of the millennium: The latest discussions 51
2.3.6 Unresolved issues from the debate’s history 57

Chapter 3: Methods and assumptions 63
3.1 Defining the criteria for identifying parallels 63
3.1.1 Paul’s quoting of other sources 64
3.1.1.1 Paul’s quoting of the Jewish Scripture 65
3.1.1.2 Paul’s quoting of pre-Pauline Christian material 66
3.1.2 The criteria used in the search of Jesus traditions in Paul’s letters 67
3.1.2.1 Michael Thompson 1991 68
3.1.2.2 David Wenham 1995 and David Fiensy 2010 69
3.1.2.3 Victor Furnish 1993 69
3.1.2.4 Maureen Yeung 2002 71
3.2 Methodical considerations 72
3.2.1 Paul’s sources 72
3.2.2 Verbal agreement 75
3.2.3 The explicit references 76
3.3 The assumptions 76
3.3.1 Quotes of the Jesus tradition in other early Christian writings 76
3.3.2 The genuine Pauline letters 77
3.4 The limitations 78

Chapter 4: Paul’s knowledge and use of Jesus traditions 81
4.1 Paul’s chronology 83
4.1.1 Before Paul’s conversion 83
4.1.2 Damascus and surroundings 84
4.1.2.1 Paul’s conversion on the road to Damascus 84
4.1.2.2 Arabia 89
4.1.3 Paul’s visit to Peter in Jerusalem 91
4.1.3.1 Syria and Cilicia 93
4.1.4 Antioch 93
4.1.5 The first missionary journey 98
4.1.5.1 The apostolic council in Jerusalem and the Antiochian incident 99
4.1.6 The second missionary journey up to Paul’s stay in Corinth 100
4.2 Additional factors pointing to Paul’s knowledge of the Jesus tradition 100
4.2.1 The role of Barnabas and Paul’s other co-workers 100
4.3 Paul’s initial teaching 102
4.3.1 Thessalonica 103
4.3.2 Corinth 106
4.4 Communicational deliberations 109
4.5 Summary 111

Chapter 5: Explicit references to the Jesus tradition in Paul’s letters 113
5.1 The three explicit references in 1 Corinthians 114
5.2 “Do not separate”: 1 Cor 7:10–11 and Mark 10:9 // Matt 19:6 114
5.2.1 The context of the prohibition of divorce 114
5.2.1.1 Possible synoptic parallels 116
5.2.1.2 The context of Matt 5:32 // Luke 16:18 116
5.2.1.3 Mark 10:1–12 // Matt 19:1–12 117
5.2.2 Synoptic parallels to 1 Cor 7:10 118
5.2.2.1 The origin of the word of the Lord 120
5.2.3 Synoptic parallels to 1 Cor 7:11 121
5.2.4 Arguments for Mark being the closest parallel 124
5.2.5 Arguments for Matthew being the closest parallel 125
5.2.6 Conclusion 127
5.3 The right to maintenance: 1 Cor 9:14 and Matt 10:10b // Luke 10:7b 129
5.3.1 The context of the saying about the right to maintenance 129
5.3.2 Arguments for Luke being the closest parallel 131
5.3.3 Arguments for Matthew being the closest parallel 134
5.3.4 Conclusion 135
5.4 The Lord’s Supper: 1 Cor 11:23b–25 // Matt 26:26–28 // Mark 14:22–24 // Luke 22:19–20 136
5.4.1 The context of the words of institution 139
5.4.2 The oldest form of the words of institution: Some considerations 141
5.4.3 Arguments for Mark as oldest version 142
5.4.4 Arguments for Paul as oldest version 143
5.4.5 Conclusion 143

Chapter 6: Synoptic parallels in Paul’s letter to the Romans 147
6.1 Overcoming evil with good: Romans 12:14–21 148
6.2 Nothing is unclean: Rom 14:14 and Mark 7:15; Matt 15:11 151

Chapter 7: Synoptic parallels in Paul’s first letter to the Thessalonians 155
7.1 A word of the Lord in 1 Thess 4:15–17? 155
7.1.1 The scope of the word of the Lord 156
7.1.2 The origin of the word of the Lord 157
7.2 The thief in the night: 1 Thess 5:2 and Matt 24:43–44 // Luke 12:39–40 162
7.3 The traditional material in 1 Thess 5:3 164

Chapter 8: Synoptic parallels in Paul’s letter to the Galatians 167
8.1 The Gospel is not revealed by “flesh and blood”: Gal 1:16 and Matt 16:16–17 167
8.1.1 The context of the letter to the Galatians 167
8.1.2 The understanding of Galatians 1:11–12 170
8.1.3 A saying of the Lord in Galatians 1:16? 172
8.1.4 The Synoptic parallels of Galatians 1:16 174
8.1.5 Possible Jewish and Hellenistic parallels 175
8.1.6 Conclusion 176
8.2 The command to love the neighbour 176
8.2.1 The context of the command to love the neighbour in Gal 5:14 177
8.2.2 Possible Synoptic parallels to Galatians 5:14 178
8.2.3 The context of the love command in the Synoptic Gospels 179
8.2.4 Possible Jewish-Hellenistic parallels to Gal 5:14, Rom 13:8–10 and synoptic counterparts 181
8.2.4.1 Possible Jewish-Hellenistic parallels to the great commandment 181
8.2.4.2 Possible Jewish-Hellenistic parallels to the command to love the neighbour 184
8.2.4.3 Possible Jewish-Hellenistic parallels to the summarization of the Law 186
8.2.4.4 Possible parallels to the fulfilling of the Law 188
8.2.4.5 Summary 191
8.2.5 The context of the love command in Rom 13:8–10 192
8.2.6 Possible Synoptic parallels to Rom 13:8–10 193
8.2.7 Possible Jewish-Hellenistic parallels to Rom 13:9 and its parallels 198
8.2.8 The love commandment in James 2:8; Didache 1:2; Barnabas 19:5 200
8.2.9 The command to love the enemy 202
8.2.10 Summary: The parallels between the Gal 5:14, Rom 13:8–10 and the Synoptic Gospels 205
a. The Law is summarized into the command to love the neighbour 205
b. The love commandment is connected to the fulfilling of the Law 207
c. The love commandment is expressed in a list of four or five Decalogue commandments from the second table and
d. Decalogue commandments are combined with the command to love the neighbour 207
e. It is commanded to love the enemy 208
f. Conclusion 209

Chapter 9: Conclusion 211
9.1 The authenticity of the Pauline Jesus traditions 211
9.2 The relationship of the Pauline Jesus tradition to its Synoptic parallels 212
9.3 The parallels and Q 216
9.4 Closing remarks 218

Bibliography 221

Über Autor(innen)

Hiestermann, Heinz
Heinz Arnold Hiestermann, Dr. theol., Jahrgang 1980, studierte Evangelische Theologie an der Lutherisch Theologischen Hochschule Oberursel, an der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt und der Universität von Pretoria. Derzeit ist er als Pastor in der St. Petrusgemeinde Greytown/Südafrika tätig.