Hopwood / Chater Genetics of Bacterial Diversity

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7355-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 466 Seiten, Web PDF

Genetics of Bacterial Diversity focuses on the rapidly developing field of ''non-K-12'' bacterial genetics that is largely outside the scope of other texts. The book begins with an introductory chapter that outlines the phylogenetic relationships of bacteria and the range of metabolic, behavioral, and developmental phenomena displayed by them. Two chapters then review the genetic processes found in bacteria generally, and discuss a range of genetic techniques used to analyze the various special systems described in the body of the book, respectively. Subsequent chapters deal with various special metabolic capabilities characteristic of certain groups of bacteria (light production, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, antibiotic production, degradation of aromatic compounds and mercury resistance); developmental processes of cell-cycle associated motility, sporulation, and specialized colonial behavior; four components of bacterial pathogenicity for animals; and pathogenic and symbiotic interactions of bacteria with higher plants. The final chapter explains some of the concepts and the progress being made in the application of population genetics to bacteria. This book may be of interest to microbiologists wishing to catch up on the genetic basis of some of the classical phenomena of bacteriology, and geneticists unfamiliar with some of the things that bacteria can accomplish.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hopwood, David A.

Chater, Keith F.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Genetics of Bacterial Diversity;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;Contributors;6
6;Preface;8
7;Section I: Introductory Chapters—the Diversity of Bacteria and of Bacterial Genetics;18
7.1;Chapter 1. Bacterial Diversity: the Range of Interesting Things that Bacteria Do;20
7.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;21
7.1.2;II. ECOLOGICAL NICHES;21
7.1.3;III. TOWARDS A PHYLOGENY OF BACTERIA;24
7.1.4;IV. REINVENTION THROUGHOUT THE PHYLOGENETIC TREE;29
7.1.5;V. SOME UNEXPECTED ATTRIBUTES OF BACTERIA;33
7.1.6;V. CONCLUSION;35
7.1.7;Acknowledgements;37
7.1.8;References;37
7.2;Chapter 2.
Diversity of Bacterial Genetics;40
7.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;41
7.2.2;II. THE PROKARYOTIC GENOME;41
7.2.3;III. TRANSFER OF CHROMOSOMAL DNA BETWEEN BACTERIA;47
7.2.4;IV. GENE EXPRESSION;50
7.2.5;V. GENE-, PATHWAY- AND REGULON-SPECIFIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS;55
7.2.6;VI. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROKARYOTE AND EUKARYOTE GENETICS;60
7.2.7;VII. CLOSING REMARKS;62
7.2.8;Acknowledgements;63
7.2.9;References;63
7.3;Chapter 3.
Cloning and Molecular Analysis of Bacterial Genes;70
7.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;70
7.3.2;II. CLONING BACTERIAL DNA;71
7.3.3;III. MUTAGENESIS WITH CLONED DNA;78
7.3.4;IV. BIOCHEMICAL PROCEDURES THAT EXPLOIT CLONED DNA;79
7.3.5;V. CURRENT LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES;82
7.3.6;References;82
8;Section II: Specialized Metabolic Capabilities of Bacteria;86
8.1;Chapter 4.
Regulation of Luminescence in Marine Bacteria;88
8.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;88
8.1.2;II. ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION OF lux GENES;91
8.1.3;III. REGULATION OF lux EXPRESSION;94
8.1.4;IV. LUMINESCENCE VARIATION;98
8.1.5;V. CONCLUSIONS;101
8.1.6;Acknowledgements;102
8.1.7;References;102
8.2;Chapter 5.
Photosynthesis in Rhodospirillaceae;104
8.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;104
8.2.2;II. STRUCTURE-FUNCTION OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS;107
8.2.3;III. PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS;110
8.2.4;IV. PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS GENES;113
8.2.5;V. IN VITRO MUT AGENESIS STUDIES;116
8.2.6;VI. GENETIC ENGINEERING IN REACTION CENTRES;119
8.2.7;References;122
8.3;Chapter 6.
The Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation;124
8.3.1;I. THE DIVERSITY OF NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA;125
8.3.2;II. THE nif GENES OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE;126
8.3.3;III. THE ASSEMBLY OF ACTIVE NITROGENASE;128
8.3.4;IV. THE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF NITROGENASE;131
8.3.5;V. THE THREE NITROGENASES OF AZOTOBACTER;132
8.3.6;VI. nif GENES IN OTHER ORGANISMS;135
8.3.7;VII. REARRANGEMENT OF nif GENES IN ANABAENA;137
8.3.8;VIII. REGULATION OF EXPRESSION OF nif GENES;139
8.3.9;IX. CONCLUDING REMARKS;141
8.3.10;Acknowledgements;142
8.3.11;References;142
8.4;Chapter 7.
Antibiotic Biosynthesis in Streptomyces;146
8.4.1;I. INTRODUCTION TO STREPTOMYCES BIOLOGY;146
8.4.2;II. ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION;148
8.4.3;III. MOLECULAR GENETICS OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION;151
8.4.4;IV. OVERVIEW, IMPLICATIONS AND PROSPECTS;163
8.4.5;References;165
8.5;Chapter 8.
Catabolism of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas;168
8.5.1;I. INTRODUCTION;169
8.5.2;II. BIOCHEMICAL STRATEGIES FOR OXIDATIVE CATABOLISM OF AROMATICS;170
8.5.3;III. ORGANIZATION AND REGULATION OF GENES FOR CATABOLISM OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;178
8.5.4;IV. UTILITY OF DETERMINANTS OF CATABOLIC PATHWAYS;184
8.5.5;V. LABORATORY EVOLUTION OF AROMATIC CATABOLIC PATHWAYS;185
8.5.6;VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS;187
8.5.7;Acknowledgements;189
8.5.8;References;189
8.6;Chapter 9.
Mercury Resistance in Bacteria;192
8.6.1;I. INTRODUCTION;193
8.6.2;II. BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF MERCURY;193
8.6.3;III. MERCURY RESISTANCE GENES;196
8.6.4;IV. THE GRAM-NEGATIVE STRUCTURAL GENES AND THEIR PRODUCTS;197
8.6.5;V. A MODEL FOR MERCURY RESISTANCE IN BACTERIA;203
8.6.6;VI. REGULATION OF EXPRESSION OF THE MERCURY RESISTANCE GENES;206
8.6.7;VII. OVERVIEW AND PROSPECTS;210
8.6.8;Acknowledgements;210
8.6.9;References;210
9;Section III: Morphologica lDifferentiation—Flagella, Spores and Multicellular Development;214
9.1;Chapter 10. Differentiation in Caulobacter: Flagellum Development, Motility and Chemotaxis;216
9.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;216
9.1.2;IL DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMES AND CELL DIFFERENTIATION;218
9.1.3;III. REGULATION OF FLAGELLUM BIOSYNTHESIS;219
9.1.4;IV. CONTROL OF CHEMOTAXIS AND POSITIONING OF DIFFERENTIATED STRUCTURES;233
9.1.5;V. PROSPECTS—THE CELL CYCLE AS A REGULATOR OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNING;235
9.1.6;Acknowledgements;236
9.1.7;References;236
9.2;Chapter 11. Pathways of Developmentally Regulated Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis;238
9.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;238
9.2.2;II. SPORULATION AND GERMINATION;240
9.2.3;III. GENES INVOLVED IN SPORULATION AND GERMINATION;242
9.2.4;IV. DEVELOPMENTAL GENES ARE SWITCHED ON IN AN ORDERED TEMPORAL SEQUENCE;247
9.2.5;V. COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF GENE EXPRESSION;249
9.2.6;VI. DEPENDENCE PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENTAL GENE EXPRESSION: FOUR EXAMPLES;249
9.2.7;VII. PATHWAYS OF DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION;253
9.2.8;VIII. OVERVIEW, IMPLICATIONS AND PROSPECTS;255
9.2.9;Acknowledgements;257
9.2.10;References;257
9.3;Chapter 12. Multiceïlular Development in Myxobacteria;260
9.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;260
9.3.2;II. FRUITING BODY DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWS A PROGRAMME;261
9.3.3;III. OPERON FUSIONS EXPOSE A PROGRAMME OF DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION;263
9.3.4;IV. CELL INTERACTIONS COORDINATE THE PROGRAMME OF FRUITING BODY DEVELOPMENT;266
9.3.5;V. MUTANTS OF GROUPS A, B, C AND D DIFFER GENETICALLY;267
9.3.6;VI. EXPRESSION OF ß-GALACTOSIDASE FROM lac FUSION STRAINS DEPENDS ON THE PRODUCTS OF THE asg, bsg, csg AND dsg GENES;267
9.3.7;VII. A-FACTOR AND C-FACTOR ACTIVITIES CAN BE FOUND IN CELL EXTRACTS;270
9.3.8;VIII. THE asg, bsg, csg AND dsg GENE LOCI CAN BE ISOLATED;273
9.3.9;IX. OVERVIEW AND PROSPECTS;276
9.3.10;References;278
10;Section IV: Bacterial Adaptations to Animal Pathogenicity;282
10.1;Chapter 13. The Molecular Basis of Antigenic Variation in Pathogenic Neisseria;284
10.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;285
10.1.2;II. DIVERSITY AND VIRULENCE;285
10.1.3;III. GENETIC MECHANISMS FOR PILUS VARIATION;288
10.1.4;IV. GENETIC MECHANISMS FOR P.II VARIATION;296
10.1.5;V. CONCLUSIONS;299
10.1.6;Acknowledgements;300
10.1.7;References;300
10.2;Chapter 14. Adhesins of Pathogenic Escherichia coli;304
10.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;304
10.2.2;II. BACTERIAL ADHERENCE TO ANIMAL TISSUES;305
10.2.3;III. ADHESIN GENETICS;311
10.2.4;IV. EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES;320
10.2.5;References;322
10.3;Chapter 15.
Genetic Studies of Enterotoxin and Other Potential Virulence Factors of Vibriocholerae;326
10.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;327
10.3.2;II. CHOLERA TOXIN GENES;327
10.3.3;III. ADHERENCE AND COLONIZATION;333
10.3.4;IV. OTHER POTENTIAL VIRULENCE FACTORS;337
10.3.5;V. REGULATION OF VIRULENCE GENE EXPRESSION;339
10.3.6;VI. PERSPECTIVES;342
10.3.7;References;342
10.4;Chapter 16. Iron Scavenging in the Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli;348
10.4.1;I. INTRODUCTION;348
10.4.2;II. ENTEROBACTERIAL IRON UPTAKE SYSTEMS;351
10.4.3;III. MOLECULAR GENETICS;353
10.4.4;IV. BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS;357
10.4.5;V. REGULATION;359
10.4.6;VI. EPILOGUE;364
10.4.7;References;364
11;Section V: Bacteria that Interact with Plants as Parasites or Symbionts;368
11.1;Chapter 17. Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas and Related Bacteria Towards Plants;370
11.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;370
11.1.2;II. STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING THE GENETICS OF PATHOGENICITY;373
11.1.3;III. FUNCTION OF SOME PATHOGENICITY GENES;379
11.1.4;IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS;385
11.1.5;References;386
11.2;Chapter 18. Tumorigenicity of Agrobacterium on Plants;390
11.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;390
11.2.2;II. Ti AND Ri PLASMIDS;393
11.2.3;III. T-DNA;395
11.2.4;IV. GENES AND SEQUENCES NECESSARY FOR T-DNA TRANSFER;397
11.2.5;V. DIFFERENT STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF TUMOUR INDUCTION;403
11.2.6;VI. PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATIONS;405
11.2.7;References;406
11.3;Chapter 19. The Symbiosis Between Rhizobium and Legumes;410
11.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;410
11.3.2;II. METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING BACTERIAL GENES INVOLVED IN NODULATION;414
11.3.3;III. POLYSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS IS IMPORTANT FOR NODULATION;414
11.3.4;IV. ANALYSIS OF NOD GENE FUNCTION;417
11.3.5;V. REGULATION OF NOD GENE TRANSCRIPTION;421
11.3.6;VI. CONCLUSIONS;427
11.3.7;References;428
12;Section VI: Bacterial Population Genetics;432
12.1;Chapter 20. The Population Genetics of Bacteria;434
12.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;434
12.1.2;II. GENETIC VARIATION AND ITS INTERPRETATION;437
12.1.3;III. SPECIES BOUNDARIES AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS;443
12.1.4;IV. THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY ELEMENTS;448
12.1.5;V. EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION;450
12.1.6;VI. THE PLANNED RELEASE OF NOVEL ORGANISMS;451
12.1.7;References;453
13;Index;456