Hume-Rothery / Finniston / Hopkins The Structures of Alloys of Iron

An Elementary Introduction
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3728-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 360 Seiten, Web PDF

The Structures of Alloys of Iron: An Elementary Introduction provides an elementary review of some of the factors affecting the structures of alloys of iron, with examples illustrating points of interest. In view of the existence of books dealing with the technology and properties of iron alloys it was decided that the present book should be concerned only with the structures, and not with the properties of the alloys. In connection with steels it was thought best, in the space available, to deal only with those based on iron-carbon alloys. The book begins with chapters on the metal iron, the crystal structures of iron, the diffusion of iron and its alloys, and the intermetallic chemistry of iron. Subsequent chapters deal with the structure of steels, plain carbon steels, the structure of alloy steels, and cast irons. This book is intended for those wanting to make a general survey of the subject before undertaking a detailed study. The reader must understand clearly that much further work will be necessary before he can hope to understand properly even one class of the alloys of industry .

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hume-Rothery, W.

Finniston, H. M.

Hopkins, D. W.

Owen, W. S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Structures of Alloys of Iron: An Elementary Introduction;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;CHAPTER I. The Metal Iron;12
6.1;1.1. Introductory;12
6.2;1.2. Electron Theories of Iron Crystals;18
6.3;Suggestions for Further Reading;28
7;CHAPTER II. The Crystal Structures of Iron: Ideal Structures;29
7.1;2.1. Body-centred Cubic a-iron;29
7.2;2.2. Body-centred Cubic d-iron;37
7.3;2.3. Face-centred Cubic .-iron;37
8;CHAPTER III. The Crystal Structures of Iron : Real Crystals;39
8.1;3.1. Alpha-veining and Polygonisation;39
8.2;3.2. General Dislocation Structure of Pure Iron;41
8.3;3.3. Dislocations in a-iron;48
8.4;3.4. Interstitial Atoms and Dislocations;52
8.5;3.5. Grain Boundaries in Iron;56
8.6;3.6. Grain-Boundary Structure and Segregation;60
8.7;3.7. Equilibrium Segregation in Grain Boundaries and Dislocations;62
8.8;3.8. The Approach to Grain-boundary Equilibrium;66
8.9;3.9. Grain-boundary Segregates, Films, and Precipitates;68
8.10;3.10. Twin Crystals in Iron;70
8.11;Suggestions for Further Reading;76
9;CHAPTER IV. Diffusion in Iron and its Alloys;77
9.1;4.1. Introductory;77
9.2;4.2. Vacancies and Interstitialcies;78
9.3;4.3. Atomic Movements in Diffusion;82
9.4;4.4. The Process of Diffusion;85
9.5;4.5. Diffusion of Carbon in Iron;91
9.6;4.6. Diffusion Constants;92
9.7;Suggestions for Further Reading;94
10;CHAPTER V. The Intermetallic Chemistry of Iron : The Metallic Framework;95
10.1;5.1. Size-factor Effects;95
10.2;5.2. The Electrochemical Factor;99
10.3;5.3. Group Number Effects and Electron Compounds;100
10.4;5.4. The ad . . Equilibrium in Iron Alloys;107
10.5;5.5. The d . Liquid and . . Liquid Equilibria;114
10.6;5.6. The a . . Equilibrium: Metastable States;122
10.7;5.7. Alloys of Iron with Transition Elements;124
10.8;5.8. Iron—Manganese and Iron—Nickel Alloys;127
10.9;5.9. Alloys of Iron with Zinc, Aluminium, Gallium, and Silicon;132
10.10;5.10. Alloys of Iron with Phosphorous and Sulphur;141
10.11;5.11. Elements which do not alloy with Iron;143
10.12;Suggestions for Further Reading;145
11;CHAPTER VI. The Interstitial Elements and Boron;146
11.1;6.1. General;146
11.2;6.2. The System Iron—Carbon;150
11.3;6.3. The System Iron—Nitrogen;160
11.4;6.4. The System Iron—Boron;168
11.5;6.5. The System Iron—Hydrogen;171
11.6;6.6. The System Iron—Oxygen;175
12;CHAPTER VII. The Structure of Steels : Introductory;178
12.1;7.1. Introductory;178
12.2;7.2. Segregation Boundary Surfaces and Networks;179
12.3;7.3. Nucleation and Growth Processes;180
12.4;Suggestions for Further Reading;200
12.5;7.4. Time, Temperature, Transformation Curves;200
12.6;Suggestions for Further Reading;204
13;CHAPTER VIII. Plain Carbon Steels: Pearlitic Structures;205
13.1;8.1. Structures of Slowly Cooled Steels;205
13.2;8.2. The Structure and Growth of Pearlite;214
13.3;Suggestions for Further Reading;229
14;CHAPTER IX. Plain Carbon Steels: Martensite and Bainite;230
14.1;9.1. The Structure of Rapidly Cooled Steels: Martensite;230
14.2;9.2. The Tetragonal Structure of Interstitial Martensite;234
14.3;9.4. The Martensitic Transformation;239
14.4;9.5. The Austenite—Martensite Interface;244
14.5;9.6. The Formation of Martensite: Free Energy Concepts of Nucleation and Growth;246
14.6;9.7. The Bainite Transformation;251
14.7;9.8. The Formation of Bainite;252
14.8;9.9. Lower Bainite;255
14.9;9.10. Upper Bainite;256
14.10;9.11. Carbide-free Bainite;260
14.11;9.12. The Bainite Mechanism;260
14.12;9.13. The Process of Tempering;264
15;CHAPTER X. The Structure of Alloy Steels;268
15.1;10.1. Carbides in Steels;268
15.2;10.2. Solid . Liquid and Austenite . Ferrite Equilibria;274
15.3;10.3. The Ternary Systems Fe—M—X;285
15.4;10.4. Some Types of Low Alloy Steel;289
15.5;10.5. Nickel Steels;299
15.6;10.6. Manganese Steels;301
15.7;10.7. High Speed Steels;304
15.8;10.8. Tempering and Precipitation Processes in Alloy Steels;309
15.9;Suggestions for Further Reading;316
16;CHAPTER XI. Cast Irons;317
16.1;11.1. General;317
16.2;11.2. White Cast Irons;325
16.3;11.3. Grey Cast Irons;332
16.4;11.4. Undercooled Graphite;339
16.5;11.5. Nodular or Spheroidal Graphitic Cast Irons;341
16.6;11.6. Malleable Cast Irons;344
16.7;11.7. Martensitic Cast Irons;349
16.8;11.8. Austenitic Cast Irons;352
16.9;11.9. Silicon Irons;353
16.10;11.10. High-chromium Cast Irons;355
17;Suggestions for Further Reading;357
18;Index;358