Hurle Fundamentals

Thermodynamics and Kinetics
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9112-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 698 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Handbook of Crystal Growth

Volume I - Fundamentals addresses the underlying scientific principles relevant to all the techniques of crystal growth. Following a Foreword by Professor Sir Charles Frank and an historical introduction, the first part contains eight chapters devoted to thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic aspects including computer simulation by molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods. The second part, comprising a further seven chapters, is devoted to bulk transport effects and the influence of transport-limited growth on the stability of both isolated growth forms (such as the dendrite) and arrays, and on the cooperative effects which lead to pattern formation. All the presentations are superbly authoritative.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hurle, D. T. J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Fundamentals: Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Part A;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;Foreword;12
7;Contents Of Volume 1;14
8;CHAPTER 1. Historical Introduction;16
8.1;Introduction;18
8.2;1. Crystallization phenomena in ancient technologies;18
8.3;2. Empirical experiences with crystallization phenomena in the Middle Ages;21
8.4;3. Presentiments about crystals and their formation from the age of enlightenment to the 19th century;24
8.5;4. Development of crystal growth science and technology in the 20th century;33
8.6;5. Outlook;52
8.7;References;54
9;CHAPTER 2. Phase Equilibria;58
9.1;1. The combined first and second laws of thermodynamics and the thermodynamic functions;60
9.2;2. Criteria for equilibrium;64
9.3;3. The Gibbs phase rule;66
9.4;4. The treatment of solid and liquid phases as incompressible liquids. Pressure and temperature dependence of S, H, and G;67
9.5;5. One-component systems;70
9.6;6. Internal equilibrium in a phase;71
9.7;7. Narrow-homogeneity-range compounds;74
9.8;8. Phase diagrams;77
9.9;9. Condensed-phase–vapor-phase equilibrium;80
9.10;10. Two condensed phases in equilibrium;84
9.11;Il. Pressure dependence of the two-phase equilibrium in differential form;85
9.12;12. The use of Gibbs energy isotherms for two-condensed-phase equilibrium;88
9.13;13. Miscibility gap;89
9.14;14. Equilibrium of a congruently melting, narrow-homogeneity-range crystalline compound, ABq;93
9.15;15. Three-phase curves for a narrow-homogeneity-range compound;98
9.16;16. Equilibria among a number of narrow-homogeneity-range compounds;102
9.17;17. Equilibria of a pseudobinary solid solution;106
9.18;18. Equilibria of a pseudoternary solid solution A1–u–vBuCvD{S);111
9.19;19. Equilibria of a pseudoternary solid solution {A1–uBu){C1–vDv){S);113
9.20;Acknowledgements;116
9.21;References;116
10;CHAPTER 3. Defect Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams in Compound Crystal Growth Processes;118
10.1;1. Introduction;120
10.2;2. Phase relations and phase diagrams;121
10.3;3. Crystal growth and annealing processes;134
10.4;4. Density and stoichiometry measurements;147
10.5;5. Neutral-defect formation reactions and equilibria;150
10.6;6. Ionization reactions and equilibria;157
10.7;7. Defect agglomeration;171
10.8;8. Coexistence of phases;174
10.9;9. Doping;175
10.10;10. Computer modelling;180
10.11;11. Conclusion;191
10.12;Appendix: Derivation of thermodynamic equilibrium equations;192
10.13;Acknowledgements;198
10.14;References;198
11;CHAPTER 4. Nucleation Theory;202
11.1;Introduction;204
11.2;1. Nucleation thermodynamics; general;204
11.3;2. Nucleation thermodynamics; some specific cases;219
11.4;3. Statistical thermodynamics of nucleation;241
11.5;4. Nucleation kinetics;252
11.6;5. Concluding remarks;258
11.7;Appendix: The Frenkel distribution;258
11.8;References;260
12;CHAPTER 5. The Structure of Supersaturated Solutions;264
12.1;Introduction;266
12.2;1. Thermodynamics of stability;267
12.3;2. Metastable solutions–practical considerations;272
12.4;3. Nucleation theory;277
12.5;4. Modern nucleation theory in binary solutions;287
12.6;5. Kinetics of cluster formation;294
12.7;6. Experimental studies of supersaturated solutions;301
12.8;List of symbols;315
12.9;References;318
13;CHAPTER 6. Crystal Growth Mechanisms;322
13.1;1. Introduction;326
13.2;2. Mother phase and crystal phase;340
13.3;3. Macroscopic description of the surface;358
13.4;4. Atomistic description: statistical mechanics;374
13.5;5. Growth of stepped surfaces;399
13.6;6. Step dynamics;417
13.7;7. Crystal growth models;453
13.8;Acknowledgements;487
13.9;References;488
14;CHAPTER 7. Growth and Morphology of Crystals: Integration of Theories of Roughening and Hartman–Perdok Theory;492
14.1;1. Introduction;496
14.2;2. Mean-field interface models, kinetic roughening;505
14.3;3. Exact solutions for the determination of the Ising temperatures of two-dimensional Ising lattices;522
14.4;4. Theory of Hartman and Perdok; crystal graphs and connected nets; actual bond energies at the surface;531
14.5;5. Morphology of some organic and inorganic crystals;543
14.6;6. Morphology of orthorhombic long-chain normal alkanes grown under pure conditions and with additives. Theory and applications: a case study;560
14.7;7. Morphology of modulated and quasi-crystals;586
14.8;References;592
15;CHAPTER 8. Atomic-scale Models of Crystal Growth;598
15.1;1. Introduction;600
15.2;2. Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods;605
15.3;3. Crystallization from the melt;611
15.4;4. Crystallization from vapor and atomic-beam sources;625
15.5;5. Conclusions;648
15.6;Acknowledgements;650
15.7;References;650
16;CHAPTER 9. Low-Energy Ion/Surface Interactions During Crystal Growth from the Vapor Phase: Effects on Nucleation and Growth, Defect Creation and Annihilation, Microstructure Evolution, and Synthesis of Metastable Phases;654
16.1;1. Introduction;656
16.2;2. Nucleation and the early stages of film growth;657
16.3;3. lon-irradiation-induced defect creation and annihilation;672
16.4;4. Microstructure evolution;677
16.5;5. Synthesis of metastable phases;690
16.6;6. Conclusions;692
16.7;Acknowledgements;693
16.8;References;693