Jacobs The World's Cities

Contrasting Regional, National, and Global Perspectives
Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-1-135-76900-0
Verlag: CRC Press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 424 Seiten

Reihe: The Metropolis and Modern Life

The World’s Cities offers instructors and students in higher education an accessible introduction to the three major perspectives influencing city-regions worldwide: City-Regions in a World System; Nested City-Regions; and The City-Region as the Engine of Economic Activity/Growth.

The book provides students with helpful essays on each perspective, case studies to illustrate each major viewpoint, and discussion questions following each reading. The World’s Cities concludes with an original essay by the editor that helps students understand how an analysis incorporating a combination of theoretical perspectives and factors can provide a richer appreciation of the world’s city dynamics.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jacobs, A.J.

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Stadt- und Regionalsoziologie
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Soziologie Allgemein

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Series Forward

Preface

Introduction: Cities and Regions Evolving in an Ever Changing World — A.J. Jacobs

PART ONE: City-Regions in a World System

City-Regions in a World System: An Overview — A.J. Jacobs

1. Where We Stand: A Decade of World City Research — John Friedmann

A decade after his seminal World City Hypothesis article, Friedmann summarizes and assesses the contributions of World/Global City Theory to the urban scholarship.

2. Cities in a World Economy — Saskia Sassen

A foundation chapter in her seminal book, Sassen describes how the 1980’s explosion in

world financial activity prompted a concurrent rise in global cities as gateways for international

capital

3. A Global Network Analysis of 234 Cities — B. Derudder, P. Taylor, F. Witlox, G. Catalano

Focusing upon 22 clusters ranging across 234 cities, Derudder et al. offer a multi-layered classification system which would later become Peter Taylor’s seminal World City Network.

4. Mexico City: The Making of a Global City? — Christof Parnreiter

Parnreiter chronicles how global flows and NAFTA pushed the Mexican Government to

aggressively promote foreign trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), and transformed Mexico

City into a Global City

5. Location theory in reverse? IT production in the Bangalore, India— Rolee Aranya

Aranya, a GaWC collaborator, shows how the IT sector’s limited need for face-to-face interactions and focus on offshore activities have resulted in an a reverse spatial logic in Bangalore: peripheralization of control and centralization of routine production functions

6. Building Shanghai: Historical lessons from China’s Gateway — Edward Denison

Denison reviews the history of architectural styles in Shanghai and in the process shows how

contemporary capitalist forces have reshaped the city from an aging and low-rise city, into a

thriving high-rise conglomeration

7. Race, Space and Spatial Order in Johannesburg — Owen Crankshaw

Crankshaw contends that the evidence showing post-apartheid suburban Johannesburg has

developed in a much more mixed-race, desegregated pattern than its more established

neighborhoods, suggests that the city is a potential exception among world cities

8. Global Dubai or Dubaization — Yasser Elsheshtawy

Weary of its potential pitfalls, Elsheshtawy cautions other cities interested in replicating Dubaization, claiming, that in Dubai, such an over-focus on globalization has led to an intensification in economic, social and, political inequality



PART TWO: Nested City-Regions

Nested City-Regions: An Overview — A.J. Jacobs

9. The Nested City — Richard Child Hill & Kuniko Fujita

In this seminal article, Hill & Fujita reject the disembedding and convergences claims of World City scholars and outline the basic conceptual position of Nested City Theory, particularly, that cities continue to evolve within their own unique national and sub-national context.

10. New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: America's Global Cities. — Janet L. Abu-Lughod

From the concluding chapter in her seminal book, Abu-Lughod demonstrates the importance of comparative urban research, and how variations in history, geography, politics, and inter-group relations have fostered differential outcomes in New York, Chicago, and L.A.

11. Race, Fragmentation, and Divergent Outcomes in Detroit & Toronto — A.J. Jacobs

In his comparison of two areas within the same natural region and closely linked by production flows, Jacobs reveals how variations in racial-ethnic relations, municipal fragmentation, and multi-jurisdictional planning have foster divergent growth patterns

12. Planning Taipei — Chia-Huang Wang

Utilizing what he calls a ‘bottom-up approach’ Wang explores how Taipei’s urban primacy in Taiwan has enabled, constrained, and conditioned the city’s strategic planning actions and responses to global forces

13. Expanding Income Stratification in the Tokyo Region — A.J. Jacobs

Jacobs describes how Tokyo’s changing development context has led to a rise in inter-place income stratification in the region since 1980. He then shows how Tokyo’s nested context has insured that inequality has remained much less severe than in America’s three largest regions

14. Experiencing Jakarta — Chris Silver

After a brief historical review of Jakarta, Silver chronicles how the policies of the national government, under President Suharto, transformed region into a global city. He concludes by offering a planning vision for the Jakarta’s future in the 21st Century

15. Actor Networks and Hybrid Developmental States: Malaysia’s Multimedia Super-corridor

and New York’s Silicon Alley — Michael Indergaard

Guided by Actor-Network Theory, Indergaard compares Malaysia’s Multimedia Super-corridor

(MSC) with New York’s Silicon Alley. He concludes that the MSC’s development approach presents a hybrid model, melding developmentalism and neo-liberalism





16. Ulsan: South Korea’s Great Industrial City — A.J. Jacobs

In an effort to reassert the importance of industrial centers, Jacobs chronicles how global, national, and local forces have transformed Ulsan into a ‘Great Industrial City’, a major international locus of motor vehicle, ship, and petrochemicals manufacturing



PART THREE: The City-Region as the Engine of Economic Activity/Growth

The City-Region as the Engine of Economic Activity and Growth: Overview — A.J. Jacobs

17. Regions, Globalization, Development — Allen J. Scott & Michael Storper

In their seminal article on agglomeration theory, Scott & Storper argue that contrary to contemporary theories of development and trade, advancing globalization has not made regional economies irrelevant, but rather more indispensable to national growth

18. The Bratislava-Žilina Auto Corridor: Capitalist Agglomeration in the Post-Socialist CEE

— A.J. Jacobs

Offering it as a microcosm of Central & Eastern European regions, Jacobs describes how FDI has transformed Bratislava from Socialist controlled into an important tri-national, foreign-led motor vehicle production zone, and the catalyst behind Slovakia’s ascension into the EU.

19. The Development Industry & Urban Redevelopment in New York & London— Susan Fainstein

Fainstein argues that the deregulation of the financial industry in the 1980s and a related dramatic rise in capital flows, induced a speculative fury and an ensuing extraordinary boom and bust cycle in the property markets in New York and London

20. Hong Kong: An Entrepreneurial City in Action— Bob Jessop & Ngai-Ling Sum

Drawing upon Schumpeter, Harvey, and others, Jessop & Sum show how Hong Kong’s long history of urban entrepreneurship, make it a prime case study of an ‘Entrepreneurial City’ which has acted strategically in order to facilitate local economic growth

21. Innovation in Europe: A Tale of Knowledge and Trade in Five Cities—

In one of his many articles on the topic, and utilizing Amsterdam, London, Milan, Paris, and

Stuttgart as case studies, Simmie & his colleagues explore how clusters of innovative firms have sparked economic growth in a handful of European city-regions.

22. From World Cities to Gateway Cities: Extending the Boundaries of Globalization Theory

— John R. Short, Carrie Breitbach. Stephen Buckman & Jamey Essex

Building upon his past research on urban boosterism, Short & his collaborators offer seven

case study cities worldwide in their attempt to expand the contemporary narrow understanding

of the globalization/city relationship by introducing the concept of ‘Gateway City’

23. From Modernist to Market Urbanism: The Transformation of New Belgrade — Paul Waley

Through his case study of Belgrade, Waley reveals the challenges confronting many Central,

Eastern, and Southeastern European city leaders in their efforts to reconcile and

accommodate Socialist urban form with neo-liberal development forces







24. Collaborative Regionalism and FDI Growth: The Cases of Mississippi’s PUL Alliance and

Alabama-Georgia’s Auto Valley Partnership— A.J. Jacobs

Through his case studies of two small American auto producing regions, Jacobs shows how

economic decline has provoked adjacent local governments to collaborate in order to compete

for FDI and job growth



CONCLUSIONS and LESSONS

The Nexus City Model: Bridging the Local, Regional, National, and International Contexts

— A.J. Jacobs

Integrating many of the ideas presented in the book’s readings, Jacobs offers a 12-factor, conceptual toolkit or model for use by students and scholars in their own examinations and comparisons of the world’s city-regions.

Über Autor(innen)

A. J. Jacobs is an Associate Professor and the Director of Graduate Studies in East Carolina University’s Department of Sociology. He was an Assistant Professor in the University of Cincinnati’s School of Planning, a Visiting Associate Professor in Hosei University’s Faculty of Business (in Tokyo, Japan), and a Visiting Assistant Professor in Michigan State University’s Urban Planning Program. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology–Urban Studies from Michigan State University and his Master’s in Regional Planning from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.