Koch / Oliphant | Medical Liability in Europe | E-Book | sack.de
E-Book

E-Book, Englisch, Band 29, 748 Seiten

Reihe: Tort and Insurance Law

Koch / Oliphant Medical Liability in Europe


A Comparison of Selected Jurisdictions

E-Book, Englisch, Band 29, 748 Seiten

Reihe: Tort and Insurance Law

ISBN: 978-3-11-026016-8
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
 Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

Ten years after the first study published in this field by the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law, liability for medical malpractice is still a hot topic throughout Europe and it continues to expand and develop. In order to provide an update on the current situation across European legal systems, this book includes fourteen country reports authored by renowned experts from each legal system. In addition to providing a theoretical survey of key issues, each contributor also analyzed six hypotheticals based on actual cases, thereby also providing practical guidance on major aspects of liability claims. A concluding comparative analysis highlights commonalities and differences in the liability rules employed, dispute resolution procedures and the insurance background.

Liability law is rapidly changing in quite a number of countries. This is due to various factors, which are interrelated to a large extent: changing case law and legislation as well as increased and still increasing technical and medical knowledge. As a result, various occupational diseases can, for example, be attributed to working conditions or personal injury to specific products. From the very moment that causation can be proven, the question arises of whether or not liability can be established – with far-reaching economic consequences for all parties involved.

The rise of phenomena such as mass torts, multiple causation, joint and several liability or various heads of damages (like ecological damage and several diseases and affections) rapidly increases the interest in tort law. In the context of the interrelation between liability and insurance, attention must be paid to the question of whether certain liabilities are still coverable or not, and, if they are, to what amounts.

The question of jurisdictions is of growing importance as is the question of whether a specific liability can be covered by insurance. In this context, one should bear in mind that the affordability of tort law also requires safe and sound insurers. The recent past has shown that there is a limit to their financial stability.
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Zielgruppe

Academics, Institutes, Libraries

Autoren/Hrsg.

Koch, Bernhard A.
Oliphant, Ken

Fachgebiete

Weitere Infos & Material

1;Die Idee;6
2;Preface;8
3;Table of Contents;10
4;List of Contributors;30
5;Questionnaire;32
6;Medical Liability in Austria;46
6.1;General Questions;46
6.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;46
6.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;46
6.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;46
6.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;49
6.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public healthcare;49
6.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;51
6.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;51
6.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;51
6.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;51
6.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;52
6.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;53
6.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;53
6.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;54
6.1.2;B. Tort Liability;55
6.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;55
6.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;56
6.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation.;58
6.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;60
6.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;61
6.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;65
6.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;66
6.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the healthcare sector;66
6.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;69
6.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;70
6.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;70
6.1.4;D. Public Liability;75
6.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;75
6.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;75
6.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;75
6.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;77
6.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;77
6.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;77
6.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;79
6.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;80
6.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;80
6.1.6.2;II. Non-Pecuniary Loss;80
6.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;80
6.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;82
6.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;82
6.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;82
6.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;82
6.1.8;H. Outlook;84
6.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;84
6.2;Cases;84
6.2.1;Case 1;84
6.2.2;Case 2;88
6.2.3;Case 3;90
6.2.4;Case 4;95
6.2.5;Case 5;98
6.2.6;Case 6;102
7;Medical Liability in Belgium;106
7.1;General Questions;106
7.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;106
7.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;106
7.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;106
7.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;109
7.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care;109
7.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;110
7.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;111
7.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;112
7.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;112
7.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;113
7.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;113
7.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;113
7.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;115
7.1.2;B. Tort Liability;117
7.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;117
7.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;118
7.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation;118
7.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;119
7.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;120
7.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;121
7.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;122
7.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;122
7.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;123
7.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;124
7.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;124
7.1.4;D. Public Liability;126
7.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;126
7.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;126
7.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;126
7.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;126
7.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;126
7.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;126
7.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;127
7.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;127
7.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;128
7.1.6.2;II. Non-Pecuniary Loss;128
7.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;128
7.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;128
7.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;129
7.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;129
7.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;129
7.1.8;H. Outlook;129
7.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;129
7.2;Cases;130
7.2.1;Case 1;130
7.2.2;Case 2;131
7.2.3;Case 3;133
7.2.4;Case 4;134
7.2.5;Case 5;136
7.2.6;Case 6;139
8;Medical Liability in the Czech Republic;142
8.1;General Questions;142
8.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;142
8.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;142
8.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;142
8.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;146
8.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care.;146
8.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;151
8.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;151
8.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;152
8.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;152
8.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;153
8.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;154
8.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;154
8.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;157
8.1.2;B. Tort Liability;158
8.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;158
8.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;160
8.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation;161
8.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;162
8.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;163
8.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;165
8.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;166
8.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;166
8.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;167
8.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;168
8.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;169
8.1.4;D. Public Liability;172
8.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;172
8.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;173
8.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;173
8.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;174
8.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;174
8.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;174
8.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;175
8.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;177
8.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;177
8.1.6.2;II. Non-pecuniary Loss;178
8.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;178
8.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;180
8.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;181
8.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;181
8.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;183
8.1.8;H. Outlook;183
8.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;183
8.2;Cases;184
8.2.1;Case 1;185
8.2.2;Case 2;191
8.2.3;Case 3;193
8.2.4;Case 4;196
8.2.5;Case 5;201
8.2.6;Case 6;204
9;Medical Liability in England;210
9.1;General Questions;210
9.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;210
9.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;210
9.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;210
9.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;212
9.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care.;212
9.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;212
9.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;213
9.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;214
9.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;214
9.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;215
9.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;216
9.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;216
9.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;217
9.1.2;B. Tort Liability;217
9.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;217
9.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;219
9.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation.;222
9.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;225
9.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;229
9.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;231
9.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;231
9.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;231
9.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;232
9.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;232
9.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;232
9.1.4;D. Public Liability;234
9.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;234
9.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;234
9.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;234
9.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;235
9.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;235
9.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;235
9.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;235
9.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;236
9.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;237
9.1.6.2;II. Non-Pecuniary Loss;237
9.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;237
9.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;238
9.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;239
9.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;239
9.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;239
9.1.8;H. Outlook;239
9.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;239
9.2;Cases;240
9.2.1;Case 1;240
9.2.2;Case 2;243
9.2.3;Case 3;244
9.2.4;Case 4;246
9.2.5;Case 5;247
9.2.6;Case 6;249
10;Medical Liability in France;252
10.1;General Questions;252
10.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;252
10.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;252
10.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;252
10.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;253
10.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care;253
10.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;253
10.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;253
10.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;253
10.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;253
10.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;254
10.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;254
10.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;254
10.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;255
10.1.2;B. Tort Liability;255
10.1.2.1;9. Principles of tort liability;255
10.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;256
10.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation;256
10.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance.;256
10.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;257
10.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;257
10.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;257
10.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;257
10.1.3.2;16. Differences from tort law;257
10.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;257
10.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;258
10.1.4;D. Public Liability;258
10.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;258
10.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;259
10.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;259
10.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;261
10.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;261
10.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;261
10.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;261
10.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;261
10.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;261
10.1.6.2;II. Non-Pecuniary Loss;261
10.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;261
10.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;262
10.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;262
10.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;262
10.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling negligence claims;262
10.1.8;H. Outlook;264
10.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;264
10.2;Cases;264
10.2.1;Case 1;264
10.2.2;Case 2;266
10.2.3;Case 3;267
10.2.4;Case 4;269
10.2.5;Case 5;272
10.2.6;Case 6;275
11;Medical Liability in Germany;278
11.1;General Questions;278
11.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;278
11.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;278
11.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;278
11.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;282
11.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care.;282
11.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;284
11.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;285
11.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;286
11.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;286
11.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;286
11.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;288
11.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;288
11.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;290
11.1.2;B. Tort Liability;292
11.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;292
11.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;294
11.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation;295
11.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;297
11.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;297
11.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;306
11.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;307
11.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the healthcare sector;307
11.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;307
11.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;308
11.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;308
11.1.4;D. Public Liability;311
11.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;311
11.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;311
11.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;311
11.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;311
11.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;311
11.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;311
11.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;314
11.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;315
11.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;315
11.1.6.2;II. Non-Pecuniary Loss;315
11.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;315
11.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;317
11.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;318
11.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;318
11.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;318
11.1.8;H. Outlook;319
11.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;319
11.2;Cases;319
11.2.1;Case 1;320
11.2.2;Case 2;323
11.2.3;Case 3;326
11.2.4;Case 4;328
11.2.5;Case 5;329
11.2.6;Case 6;331
12;Medical Liability in Hungary;336
12.1;General Questions;336
12.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;336
12.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;336
12.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;336
12.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;338
12.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care.;338
12.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;339
12.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;340
12.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;341
12.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;341
12.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;341
12.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;342
12.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;342
12.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;343
12.1.2;B. Tort Liability;344
12.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;344
12.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;344
12.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation.;345
12.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;347
12.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;348
12.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;350
12.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;353
12.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;353
12.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;354
12.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;355
12.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;356
12.1.4;D. Public Liability;357
12.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;357
12.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;358
12.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;358
12.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;358
12.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;358
12.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;358
12.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;360
12.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;361
12.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;363
12.1.6.2;II. Non-pecuniary Loss;363
12.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;363
12.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;365
12.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;366
12.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;366
12.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;366
12.1.8;H. Outlook;366
12.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;366
12.2;Cases;366
12.2.1;Case 1;366
12.2.2;Case 2;368
12.2.3;Case 3;368
12.2.4;Case 4;370
12.2.5;Case 5;371
12.2.6;Case 6;372
13;Medical Liability in Italy;374
13.1;General Questions;374
13.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;374
13.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;374
13.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;374
13.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;375
13.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care;375
13.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;377
13.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;377
13.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;377
13.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;377
13.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;378
13.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;378
13.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;378
13.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;380
13.1.2;B. Tort Liability;380
13.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;380
13.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;382
13.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation;382
13.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;384
13.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;385
13.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;385
13.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;386
13.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;386
13.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;388
13.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;389
13.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;390
13.1.4;D. Public Liability;392
13.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;392
13.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;392
13.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;392
13.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;393
13.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;393
13.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;393
13.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;394
13.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;395
13.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;395
13.1.6.2;II. Non-Pecuniary Loss;395
13.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;395
13.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;398
13.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;399
13.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;399
13.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;399
13.1.8;H. Outlook;399
13.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;399
13.2;Cases;399
13.2.1;Case 1;399
13.2.2;Case 2;401
13.2.3;Case 3;402
13.2.4;Case 4;402
13.2.5;Case 5;403
13.2.6;Case 6;403
14;Medical Liability in the Netherlands;406
14.1;General Questions;406
14.1.1;A. The Healthcare System Framework;406
14.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;406
14.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;406
14.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;408
14.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public healthcare;408
14.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;409
14.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;409
14.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;410
14.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;410
14.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;411
14.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;412
14.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;412
14.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;413
14.1.2;B. Tort Liability;414
14.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;414
14.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;416
14.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation.;420
14.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;425
14.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;429
14.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;430
14.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;431
14.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the healthcare sector;431
14.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;432
14.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;433
14.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;434
14.1.4;D. Public Liability;435
14.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;435
14.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;435
14.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;435
14.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;436
14.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;436
14.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;436
14.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;438
14.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;438
14.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;438
14.1.6.2;II. Non-pecuniary Loss;439
14.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;439
14.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;441
14.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;442
14.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;442
14.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;442
14.1.8;H. Outlook;443
14.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;443
14.2;Cases;443
14.2.1;Case 1;443
14.2.2;Case 2;446
14.2.3;Case 3;449
14.2.4;Case 4;452
14.2.5;Case 5;453
14.2.6;Case 6;454
15;Medical Liability in Poland;456
15.1;General Questions;456
15.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;456
15.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;456
15.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;456
15.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;457
15.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care;457
15.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;458
15.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;458
15.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;459
15.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;459
15.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;459
15.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;461
15.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;461
15.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;462
15.1.2;B. Tort Liability;465
15.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;465
15.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;466
15.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation.;468
15.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;469
15.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;470
15.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;472
15.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;472
15.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;472
15.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;473
15.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;474
15.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;474
15.1.4;D. Public Liability;476
15.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;476
15.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;477
15.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;477
15.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;477
15.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;477
15.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;477
15.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;479
15.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;480
15.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;480
15.1.6.2;II. Non-pecuniary Loss;480
15.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;480
15.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;482
15.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;483
15.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;483
15.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;484
15.1.8;H. Outlook;484
15.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;484
15.2;Cases;486
15.2.1;Case 1;486
15.2.2;Case 2;487
15.2.3;Case 3;487
15.2.4;Case 4;488
15.2.5;Case 5;490
15.2.6;Case 6;492
16;Medical Liability in Spain;496
16.1;General Questions;496
16.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;496
16.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;496
16.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;496
16.1.1.2;II. Welfare Provision;500
16.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care;500
16.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;501
16.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;502
16.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;503
16.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;503
16.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;505
16.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;507
16.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;507
16.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;510
16.1.2;B. Tort Liability;511
16.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;511
16.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;515
16.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation;519
16.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;523
16.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;526
16.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;528
16.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;530
16.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;530
16.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;533
16.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;535
16.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;535
16.1.4;D. Public Liability;539
16.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;539
16.1.5;E. Alternative Compensation Regimes;542
16.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;542
16.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;545
16.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary Loss;545
16.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;545
16.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;546
16.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sums?;547
16.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;548
16.1.6.2;II. Non-Pecuniary Loss;549
16.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;549
16.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;551
16.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;552
16.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;552
16.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;553
16.1.8;H. Outlook;554
16.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;554
16.2;Cases;554
16.2.1;Case 1;554
16.2.2;Case 2;557
16.2.3;Case 3;559
16.2.4;Case 4;561
16.2.5;Case 5;563
16.2.6;Case 6;566
17;Medical Liability in Sweden;570
17.1;General Questions;570
17.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;570
17.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;570
17.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;570
17.1.1.2;II. Social Security;572
17.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care.;572
17.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;572
17.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;573
17.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;573
17.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;573
17.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;574
17.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;574
17.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;574
17.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;574
17.1.2;B. Tort Liability;575
17.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;575
17.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;576
17.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation.;576
17.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;577
17.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;577
17.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;577
17.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;579
17.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;579
17.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;579
17.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;579
17.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;579
17.1.4;D. Public Liability;581
17.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;581
17.1.5;E. Fund and other alternative compensation regimes;581
17.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;581
17.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedy;581
17.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary loss;581
17.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;581
17.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;582
17.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;582
17.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;582
17.1.6.2;II. Non-pecuniary loss;583
17.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;583
17.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;585
17.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;585
17.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;585
17.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;586
17.1.8;H. Outlook;586
17.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;586
17.2;Cases;586
17.2.1;Case 1;586
17.2.2;Case 2;588
17.2.3;Case 3;588
17.2.4;Case 4;589
17.2.5;Case 5;590
17.2.6;Case 6;591
18;Medical Liability in Switzerland;592
18.1;General Questions;592
18.1.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;592
18.1.1.1;I. General Introduction;592
18.1.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;592
18.1.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;595
18.1.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care;595
18.1.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;600
18.1.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;601
18.1.1.3;III. Private Insurance;602
18.1.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;602
18.1.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;603
18.1.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;605
18.1.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;605
18.1.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;606
18.1.2;B. Tort Liability;607
18.1.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;607
18.1.2.2;10. Burden of proof;610
18.1.2.3;11. Uncertain causation;612
18.1.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;614
18.1.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;614
18.1.2.6;14. Strict liability;617
18.1.3;C. Contractual Liability;618
18.1.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;618
18.1.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;620
18.1.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;623
18.1.3.4;18. Informed consent;623
18.1.4;D. Public Liability;626
18.1.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;626
18.1.5;E. Alternative compensation regimes;628
18.1.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;628
18.1.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;629
18.1.6.1;I. Pecuniary loss;629
18.1.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;629
18.1.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;631
18.1.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;632
18.1.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;632
18.1.6.2;II. Non-pecuniary loss;633
18.1.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;633
18.1.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;635
18.1.7;G. Procedural Matters;636
18.1.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;636
18.1.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;637
18.1.8;H. Outlook;638
18.1.8.1;29. Reform plans;638
18.2;Cases;640
18.2.1;Case 1;640
18.2.2;Case 2;643
18.2.3;Case 3;644
18.2.4;Case 4;647
18.2.5;Case 5;649
18.2.6;Case 6;652
19;Medical Liability in Europe: Comparative Analysis;656
19.1;Introduction.;656
19.2;General Questions;659
19.2.1;A. The Health Care System Framework;659
19.2.1.1;I. General Introduction;659
19.2.1.1.1;1. The health care system in overview;659
19.2.1.2;II. Social Welfare Provision;662
19.2.1.2.1;2. The role of public health care.;662
19.2.1.2.2;3. Differences in treating patient’s claims;664
19.2.1.2.3;4. Right of recourse;665
19.2.1.3;III. Private Insurance;666
19.2.1.3.1;5. The role of private health insurance;666
19.2.1.3.2;6. Liability insurance;668
19.2.1.4;IV. Professional Standards;669
19.2.1.4.1;7. Applicable professional standards;669
19.2.1.4.2;8. Quality and/or risk management systems;670
19.2.2;B. Tort Liability;671
19.2.2.1;9. Fundamentals of tort liability;671
19.2.2.2;10. Burden of proof;675
19.2.2.3;11. Uncertain causation;679
19.2.2.4;12. Loss of a chance;681
19.2.2.5;13. Multiple persons involved;682
19.2.2.6;14. Strict liability;685
19.2.3;C. Contractual Liability;685
19.2.3.1;15. Basics of contracts in the health care sector;685
19.2.3.2;16. Differences to tort law;687
19.2.3.3;17. Contractual claims in the absence of direct contracts?;688
19.2.3.4;18. Informed consent;689
19.2.4;D. Public Liability;693
19.2.4.1;19. Key differences from cases involving private hospitals or doctors;693
19.2.5;E. Alternative compensation regimes;695
19.2.5.1;20. Funds and/or other alternative compensation regimes;695
19.2.6;F. Extent of Liability/Remedies;699
19.2.6.1;I. Pecuniary loss;699
19.2.6.1.1;21. Introduction to indemnifying pecuniary loss;699
19.2.6.1.2;22. Loss of earnings vs loss of earning capacity;700
19.2.6.1.3;23. Periodic payments or lump sum?;700
19.2.6.1.4;24. Caps and thresholds;701
19.2.6.2;II. Non-pecuniary loss;702
19.2.6.2.1;25. Introduction to indemnifying non-pecuniary loss;702
19.2.6.2.2;26. Who can claim compensation for non-pecuniary loss?;704
19.2.7;G. Procedural Matters;705
19.2.7.1;27. Specific rules of jurisdiction or procedure;705
19.2.7.2;28. Special institutions handling malpractice claims;706
19.2.8;H. Outlook;708
19.2.8.1;29. Reform plans;708
19.3;Cases;709
19.3.1;Preliminary remarks;709
19.3.2;Case 1;710
19.3.3;Case 2;716
19.3.4;Case 3;719
19.3.5;Case 4;724
19.3.6;Case 5;727
19.3.7;Case 6;731
19.4;Conclusions;734
20;Index;738

Koch, Bernhard A.
Bernhard A. Koch, Professorof Civil Law, University of Innsbruck, Austria

Oliphant, Ken
Ken Oliphant, Professor, Institute for European Tort Law of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria

Bernhard A. Koch, Professorof Civil Law, University of Innsbruck, Austria;Ken Oliphant, Professor, Institute for European Tort Law of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.

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