Letcher / Vallero Waste

A Handbook for Management
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-12-381476-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 604 Seiten

Waste: A Handbook for Management gives the broadest, most complete coverage of waste in our society. The book examines a wide range of waste streams, including: - Household waste (compostable material, paper, glass, textiles, household chemicals, plastic, water, and e-waste) - Industrial waste (metals, building materials, tires, medical, batteries, hazardous mining, and nuclear) - Societal waste (ocean, military, and space) - The future of landfills and incinerators Covering all the issues related to waste in one volume helps lead to comparisons, synergistic solutions, and a more informed society. In addition, the book offers the best ways of managing waste problems through recycling, incineration, landfill and other processes. - Co-author Daniel Vallero interviewed on NBC's Today show for a segment on recycling - Scientific and non-biased overviews will assist scientists, technicians, engineers, and government leaders - Covers all main types of waste, including household, industrial, and societal - Strong focus on management and recycling provides solutions

Autoren/Hrsg.

Letcher, Trevor

Vallero, Daniel

Vallero, Daniel A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Waste: A Handbook for Management;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Preface;7
4.1;Structure;8
4.2;The authors;9
4.3;Recommendations for Incorporating Waste: A Handbook for Management into Science and Engineering Curricula;13
4.4;e-Community;14
4.5;Acknowledgements;14
5;Prologue;15
5.1;Organization;17
5.2;The Challenge;17
5.3;Reference;17
6;Contributors;18
7;Contents;6
7.1;I INTRODUCTION TO WASTE MANAGEMENT;6
7.2;II Waste Streams;6
7.3;III Best Practice and Management;6
8;Part I Introduction to Waste Management;20
8.1;Chapter 1 Trends in Waste Management;22
8.1.1;1 Introduction;22
8.1.2;2 The Catalyst for Change;23
8.1.3;3 Sustainable Development: The Context for Recycling;24
8.1.4;4 Implementation and Progress;27
8.1.5;5 Interpretations;29
8.1.6;References;29
8.2;Chapter 2 Green Engineering and Sustainable Design Aspects of Waste Management;30
8.2.1;1 Introduction;30
8.2.2;2 Paradigm Evolution;31
8.2.3;3 Life Cycle Assessment;33
8.2.4;4 Sustainability;39
8.2.5;5 Conclusions;40
8.2.6;References;40
8.3;Chapter 3 Regulation of Wastes;42
8.3.1;1 Introduction;43
8.3.2;2 The Growth of Environmental Regulations;46
8.3.3;3 Solid and Hazardous Wastes Legislation;48
8.3.4;4 Clean Air Legislation;49
8.3.5;5 Water Quality Legislation;53
8.3.6;6 Environmental Product and Consumer Protection Laws;54
8.3.7;7 Waste Regulations in Other Countries;57
8.3.8;8 Conclusions;60
8.3.9;Appendix 1;61
8.3.10;Format Of An Environmental Impact Statement;64
8.3.11;Appendix 2;66
8.3.12;National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations;74
8.3.13;Appendix 3;43
8.3.14;References;77
8.4;Chapter 4 Waste Collection;80
8.4.1;1 Introduction;80
8.4.2;2 Materials Collected;82
8.4.3;3 Collection Systems;82
8.4.4;4 Modelling Problems and Methods;85
8.4.5;5 Data Requirements for Modelling;87
8.4.6;6 Example Studies;90
8.4.7;7 Conclusion;91
8.4.8;References;91
9;Part II Waste Streams;94
9.1;Chapter 5 Mine Waste: A Brief Overview of Origins, Quantities, and Methods of Storage;96
9.1.1;1 Origins and Quantities of Mine Waste;96
9.1.2;2 Waste Characteristics;98
9.1.3;3 Storage of Fine-Grained Wastes;99
9.1.4;4 Water Balances for Mine Waste Storages;100
9.1.5;5 Safety of Mine Waste Storage Structures During Their Operational Lifetime;101
9.1.6;6 Decommissioning, Closing and Rehabilitating Tailings, and Other Mine Waste Storages;105
9.1.7;7 Summary;107
9.1.8;References;107
9.2;Chapter 6 Metal Waste;108
9.2.1;1 Introduction;108
9.2.2;2 Scrap Metals;109
9.2.3;3 Management of Metal Waste;109
9.2.4;4 Metal Containing Raw Materials for Recycling;110
9.2.5;5 Machinery and Processes for Scrap Treatment;110
9.2.6;6 Conclusion;118
9.2.7;References;118
9.3;Chapter 7 Radioactive Waste Management;120
9.3.1;1 Introduction;120
9.3.2;2 Nuclear Waste Treatment and Processing;122
9.3.3;3 Geologic Disposal;125
9.3.4;4 Conclusions;127
9.3.5;References;127
9.4;Chapter 8 Municipal Waste Management;128
9.4.1;1 Introduction;128
9.4.2;2 Definition of MSW;128
9.4.3;3 MSW Management;129
9.4.4;4 MSW Generation;129
9.4.5;5 MSW Composition;129
9.4.6;6 Treatment and Disposal;131
9.4.7;7 Waste Management and Climate Change;132
9.4.8;8 MSW Management in Islands and Marine Pollution;134
9.4.9;9 Introduction to MSW Policy and Legislation;138
9.4.10;References;142
9.5;Chapter 9 Wastewater: Reuse-Oriented Wastewater Systems—Low- and High-Tech Approaches for Urban Areas;146
9.5.1;1 Introduction;146
9.5.2;2 High-Tech Systems for Reuse of Wastewater and Nutrients;147
9.5.3;3 Urine Diversion with Flush Sanitation;150
9.5.4;4 Dry Sanitation/Low-Cost Solutions;150
9.5.5;5 Conclusions;154
9.5.6;References;154
9.6;Chapter 10 Recovered Paper;156
9.6.1;1 Introduction;156
9.6.2;2 Types of Recovered Paper;159
9.6.3;3 Processing of Recovered Paper;163
9.6.4;4 Barriers to Recovered Paper Use;166
9.6.5;5 Conclusions;167
9.6.6;References;167
9.7;Chapter 11 Glass Waste;170
9.7.1;1 The Glass Industry;170
9.7.2;2 Glass Reuse;174
9.7.3;3 Container Glass Recycling Processes;179
9.7.4;4 The Future of Glass Recycling;180
9.7.5;5 Conclusion;181
9.7.6;Annex A—Sources for Data Presented in Table 8.5;182
9.7.7;References;183
9.8;Chapter 12 Textile Waste;186
9.8.1;1 Introduction;186
9.8.2;2 Technological, Economical, and Ecological Background;187
9.8.3;3 Textile Waste Treatment Scenarios;190
9.8.4;4 Discussion;195
9.8.5;References;197
9.9;Chapter 13 Chemicals in Waste: Household Hazardous Waste;200
9.9.1;1 Introduction;200
9.9.2;2 Sources of HHW;200
9.9.3;3 Types and Quantities of HHW;204
9.9.4;4 Collection and Disposal Routes;205
9.9.5;5 Environmental and Health Risks;207
9.9.6;6 Waste Legislation;208
9.9.7;7 Management;209
9.9.8;8 Conclusions;211
9.9.9;References;212
9.10;Chapter 14 Reusing Nonhazardous Industrial Waste Across Business Clusters;216
9.10.1;1 Introduction;216
9.10.2;2 Status of NHIW;216
9.10.3;3 Industrial Symbiosis;218
9.10.4;4 The Pattern of Industrial Symbiosis;218
9.10.5;References;225
9.11;Chapter 15 Construction Waste;226
9.11.1;1 Introduction;226
9.11.2;2 Concepts and Definitions;227
9.11.3;3 Construction Waste Composition and Quantification;228
9.11.4;4 Construction Waste Source Evaluation;228
9.11.5;5 Construction Waste Management and Minimisation Approaches;230
9.11.6;6 Construction Waste Management and Minimisation: The UK Context;231
9.11.7;7 Discussion and Conclusions;235
9.11.8;References;236
9.12;Chapter 16 Thermal Waste Treatment;238
9.12.1;1 Introduction;238
9.12.2;2 Incineration;240
9.12.3;3 Types of Thermal Units;241
9.12.4;4 Thermal Optimization;245
9.12.5;5 Other Thermal Technologies;247
9.12.6;6 Conclusions;250
9.12.7;References;250
9.13;Chapter 17 Thermochemical Treatment of Plastic Solid Waste;252
9.13.1;1 Introduction;252
9.13.2;2 Technologies for PSW Management;255
9.13.3;3 Concluding Remarks;260
9.13.4;References;260
9.14;Chapter 18 Air Pollution: Atmospheric Wastes;262
9.14.1;1 Introduction;262
9.14.2;2 Air Pollution;263
9.14.3;3 Scale of the Problem;265
9.14.4;4 Air Quality;268
9.14.5;5 Air Pollution Control;270
9.14.6;6 Air Quality Management;281
9.14.7;7 Conclusions;282
9.14.8;References;283
9.15;Chapter 19 Ocean Pollution;284
9.15.1;1 Introduction;284
9.15.2;2 Sources of Pollutants to Coastal Environments;286
9.15.3;3 Trace Metals;287
9.15.4;4 Organic Waste;290
9.15.5;References;297
9.16;Chapter 20 Electronic Waste;300
9.16.1;1 Introduction;300
9.16.2;2 Management of Electronic Waste;301
9.16.3;3 Disassembly of Electronic Waste;306
9.16.4;4 Recycling Technology of Electronic Waste;308
9.16.5;5 Environmental and Health Perspectives Related to Electronic Waste Recycling Activities;312
9.16.6;6 Conclusions;313
9.16.7;Acknowledgement;313
9.16.8;References;313
9.17;Chapter 21 Tyre Recycling;316
9.17.1;1 Introduction;317
9.17.2;2 The Tyre: The Raw Material for Recycling;317
9.17.3;3 Management of Post-Consumer Tyres;318
9.17.4;4 Material Recycling: Treatments and Technologies;319
9.17.5;5 Materials Outputs;324
9.17.6;6 Traditional and Evolving Markets;326
9.17.7;7 Applications and Products;328
9.17.8;8 Energy Recovery;335
9.17.9;9 The Future;335
9.17.10;Appendix for Further Reading;336
9.17.11;References;338
9.18;Chapter 22 Battery Waste;340
9.18.1;1 Introduction;340
9.18.2;2 Historical Use of Lead;341
9.18.3;3 Lead-Acid Battery Life Cycle;341
9.18.4;4 LAB Recycling Rate;342
9.18.5;5 Opportunities for Lead Recovery;346
9.18.6;6 Conclusions;346
9.18.7;References;347
9.19;Chapter 23 Medical Waste;348
9.19.1;1 Introduction;348
9.19.2;2 Regulations;349
9.19.3;3 Definitions of RMW and HCW;351
9.19.4;4 Example of Volume of Regulated Facilities in the US State of Michigan;352
9.19.5;5 Regulated Facilities and Types of Medical Waste Generated;352
9.19.6;6 Approved Methods of Treatment for Medical Waste (United States and Europe);352
9.19.7;7 Conclusions and Future Considerations;357
9.19.8;References;357
9.20;Chapter 24 Agricultural Waste and Pollution;360
9.20.1;1 Introduction;360
9.20.2;2 Agricultural Waste;361
9.20.3;3 Agricultural Pollution;362
9.20.4;4 Agriculture and Irrigation;364
9.20.5;5 Agriculture and Salinization;364
9.20.6;6 Agriculture and Fertilizers;365
9.20.7;7 Agriculture and Biocides;367
9.20.8;8 Agricultural Waste Management;368
9.20.9;9 Agriculture and Climate Change;369
9.20.10;10 Agriculture and Biotechnology;371
9.20.11;11 The Way Forward;372
9.20.12;Acknowledgements;373
9.20.13;References;373
9.21;Chapter 25 Military Solid and Hazardous Wastes—Assessment of Issues at Military Facilities and Base Camps;376
9.21.1;References;394
9.22;Chapter 26 Space Waste;396
9.22.1;1 Introduction;396
9.22.2;2 The Current Orbital Debris Environment;397
9.22.3;3 Counter Measures;403
9.22.4;4 Future Orbital Debris Population and Active Debris Removal;407
9.22.5;5 Conclusions;409
9.22.6;References;409
9.23;Chapter 27 Hazardous Wastes;412
9.23.1;1 Introduction;412
9.23.2;2 Managing Hazardous Wastes;413
9.23.3;3 Treatment Technologies;418
9.23.4;4 Abandoned Disposal Sites;435
9.23.5;5 Conclusions;441
9.23.6;References;441
9.24;Chapter 28 Thermal Pollution;444
9.24.1;1 Introduction;444
9.24.2;2 Cumulative Effects of Thermal Pollution;445
9.24.3;3 Thermochemical Pollution;451
9.24.4;4 Conclusions;462
9.24.5;References;462
9.25;Chapter 29 Land Pollution;464
9.25.1;1 Introduction;464
9.25.2;2 The Land Ethic;465
9.25.3;3 The Complaint Paradigm;465
9.25.4;4 Addressing Land Pollution;469
9.25.5;5 Characterizing Land Pollution;470
9.25.6;6 Habitat Loss and Destruction;482
9.25.7;7 Waste Sites;482
9.25.8;8 Best Practices;484
9.25.9;9 Conclusions;484
9.25.10;References;485
10;Best Practice and Management;486
10.1;Chapter 30 Landfills – Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow;488
10.1.1;1 Dumps, Tips, Landfills and Sanitary Landfills;488
10.1.2;2 Generation and Characteristics of MSW;492
10.1.3;3 The Generation of Gas in Landfilled MSW;495
10.1.4;4 The Generation and Pollution Potential of Leachate;496
10.1.5;5 The Safety and Stability of Dumps and Landfills;500
10.1.6;6 Conclusion;503
10.1.7;References;504
10.2;Chapter 31 Pollution Management and Responsible Care;506
10.2.1;1 Introduction;506
10.2.2;2 Responsible Care;507
10.2.3;3 Toxic Release Inventory;513
10.2.4;4 Emission Factors;514
10.2.5;5 Preparing Emissions Inventories;515
10.2.6;6 Responsible Stewardship;519
10.2.7;References;521
10.3;Chapter 32 Risk Assessment, Management, and Accountability;522
10.3.1;1 Introduction;522
10.3.2;2 Risk Estimation;523
10.3.3;3 Success in Waste Management;527
10.3.4;4 Making Decisions;532
10.3.5;5 Exposure Estimation;539
10.3.6;6 Direct Risk Calculations;546
10.3.7;7 Risk-Based Cleanup Standards;549
10.3.8;8 Communication;554
10.3.9;9 Conclusions;558
10.3.10;References;558
11;Epilogue;560
11.1;References;562
12;Index;564
13;Color Plates;586