Little Environmental Fate and Transport Analysis with Compartment Modeling

Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4398-8797-4
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 244 Seiten

Environmental Fate and Transport Analysis with Compartment Modeling explains how to use the powerful, highly flexible, and intuitive compartment approach to estimate the distribution of chemical contaminants in environmental media in time and space.

Add this Easy-to-Use Approach to Your Environmental Modeling Toolbox

This numerical technique enables readers to easily develop the equations that describe complex environmental problems by assembling the equations out of compartmental building blocks. The compartments may describe spatial subunits of single- or multi-environmental media, and the way one hooks them together implicitly provides the dimensionality of the problem. With this approach, assembling the equations to describe chemical fate and transport in a three-dimensional, multimedia system is fundamentally no more challenging than a one-dimensional, single-medium problem.

Go Beyond "Black Box" Modeling with the Flexible GEM Software

The book includes access to the Generic Environmental Model (GEM), a new software package developed by the author. This software implements the compartment approach based on user-prepared input files and solves the resulting mathematical equations. It allows readers to solve linear, nonlinear, and steady-state problems and offers four methods for solving dynamic problems. Each solution technique is reviewed, along with the error properties and the criteria for avoiding or minimizing numerical errors. The book also describes solution techniques and the underlying mathematical theory for solving nonlinear systems.

Compartment Modeling from the Ground Up, Made Accessible to Non-Mathematicians

A user-friendly introduction to environmental compartment modeling for the beginning modeler, this is also a useful resource for the experienced modeler. It combines a reference on compartment modeling with a user’s guide to the GEM. Throughout, the GEM is used to illustrate the theory with numerous examples, while the theoretical discussions illuminate the GEM’s functionality.

Zielgruppe

Practicing environmental engineers and environmental/chemical risk assessors; and graduate students in environmental engineering and science taking environmental modeling courses.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Little, Keith W.

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltüberwachung, Umweltanalytik, Umweltinformatik
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltverschmutzung, Umweltkriminalität, Umweltrecht
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie Umweltchemie, Lebensmittelchemie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
GEM Highlights
Getting Started: Two Examples
Organization and Suggested Reading Strategy

GEM User’s Guide
Two Alternative Formulations of PRAM-Like Model
GEM Input Files
GEM Output Files

Compartment Approach, Transport Mechanisms, and Boundary Conditions
Compartment Approach
Mass Balance Equation for Compartment i
System of Transport Mass Balance Equations for Single Chemical
System of Transport Mass Balance Equations for Multiple Chemicals
Extension to Porous Media
Boundary Conditions and Types of Compartments

Source and Sink Terms
Linear Source and Sink Terms
System of Fate and Transport, Mass Balance Equations for Multiple Chemicals
Source and Sink Terms for Nonlinear Systems

Solution Techniques for Steady-State Problems
Linear Systems
Nonlinear Systems
Accuracy of Solutions

Solution Techniques for Dynamic Problems
Introduction
Explicit Forward Time (Euler) Method
Explicit Centered Time (MacCormack) Method
Implicit Back Time Method
Implicit Centered Time (Crank–Nicolson) Method
Cross-Method Comparisons and Summary of Error Characteristics for Linear Problems

Appendix: Introduction to Matrices and Matrix Operations

Index

Chapters include references.

Über Autor(innen)

Keith W. Little, Ph.D., P.E., is a consulting engineer specializing in the development and application of mathematical modeling and systems analysis methods to environmental engineering and water resources problems. Dr. Little earned a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where, in 1985, he was awarded the Bernard Greenberg Award for Excellence in Doctoral Research. This research was the genesis of the GEM software used to illustrate the concepts in this book. Since then, the GEM software has evolved in functionality and application and has been used to support risk assessment-based decision making at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Dr. Little has enjoyed a 30-year career in environmental engineering and research, including 15 years as a research environmental engineer at RTI International, where he led the environmental modeling group. He has authored numerous technical reports and articles for peer-reviewed journals. He has also been active in various professional organizations and was president of the Colorado section of the American Water Resources Association in 1995. He is currently an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina.