Lotze / Thomson Natural Killer Cells

Basic Science and Clinical Application
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-08-091929-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 660 Seiten

Natural Killer Cells explains the importance of killer cells and how they are produced. It mentions that the most likely explanation for killer cell production is that they serve as a complementary system for T cells as a primary defense against viruses. However, these cells defend against certain viruses only, such as herpes viruses and influenza viruses.
The book also explains the primary functions of killer cells, and it discusses how these cells help recognize damaged tissues, limit further damage to tissues, and regenerate damaged tissues. It discusses how these cells mature and develop, and it covers the different isolation, culture, and propagation methods of these cells. Furthermore, it focuses on the different killer cells that are present in various parts of the human body.
The book concludes by explaining that natural killer cells are utilized for clinical therapy of malignancies, and that they have led to positive outcomes in the field of biology and medicine.
- Provides a broad, detailed coverage of the biology and interactions of NK cells for students, fellows, scientists, and practitioners - Includes figures, histologic sections, and illustrations of the ontogeny of NK cells - Companion website includes full-color image database

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lotze, Michael T.

Thomson, Angus W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;Natural killer cells: Basic Science and Clinical Application;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;10
6;Foreword;14
7;Preface;20
8;PART I: NK biology;24
8.1;Chapter 1 Developmental stages and pathways of NK cell maturation;26
8.1.1;The early events in hematopoiesis;26
8.1.2;NK cells as a distinct cell type;27
8.1.3;Lineage specific growth factors;27
8.1.4;Sites of NK development: the importance of the developmental environment;28
8.1.5;Fate determining interactions with stroma;29
8.1.6;Transcription factors involved in NK cell differentiation;30
8.1.7;Second messenger signalling in NK cell development;33
8.1.8;The NK cell ontogeny—lessons from evolution;34
8.1.9;Lessons from embryogenesis;35
8.1.10;Lessons from NK cell immune reconstitution after hematopoietic cell transplantation;35
8.1.11;Stages of NK cell development;36
8.1.12;Acquisition of inhibitory receptors during NK cell development;37
8.1.13;Linear and branching models of human NK cell development;38
8.1.14;Boundaries of NK cell lineage;39
8.1.15;Summary;40
8.2;Chapter 2 Developmental origins of thymus-derived natural killer cells;48
8.2.1;Introduction;48
8.2.2;Fetal thymic NK cell ontogeny;49
8.2.3;Early thymus-independent stages of fetal NK cell development;51
8.2.4;Dispelling the NK1.1 expression myth: NKR-P1B precedes NKR-P1C during NK lineage specification;51
8.2.5;NK-lineage specification versus commitment;52
8.2.6;NK1.1[sup(+)]CD117[sup(+)]CD90[sup(+)] precursors and their relationship to thymic NK cells;54
8.2.7;NK cell development in vivo: developmental stages versus subsets of differentiation;55
8.2.8;Composite phenotype of fetal versus adult thymic NK cells;57
8.2.9;TNK cells: physiological bipotent progenitor or lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like cell?;58
8.2.10;Concluding remarks;58
8.2.11;Acknowledgements;59
8.2.12;References;59
8.3;Chapter 3 Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC);64
8.3.1;NK antigen-presenting cells;65
8.3.2;Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells;65
8.3.3;IKDC, a unique link between innate and adaptive immunity;71
8.3.4;Translational implications and concluding remarks;73
8.3.5;References;74
8.4;Chapter 4 Natural killer cells in cancer;78
8.4.1;Introduction;78
8.4.2;NK cells in the host response against tumours;78
8.4.3;Treating patients with adoptive transfer of NK cells;82
8.4.4;Acknowledgements;84
8.4.5;References;84
8.5;Chapter 5 NK cell immune recognition: NKG2D ligands and stressed cells;88
8.5.1;Introduction;88
8.5.2;NKG2D receptor;89
8.5.3;NKG2D ligand family members: structure and function;90
8.5.4;NKG2D ligands are inducible: role in cancer;92
8.5.5;Tumour immune evasion;92
8.5.6;Role of NKG2D in infection;93
8.5.7;NKG2D and disease;95
8.5.8;NKG2D in graft and transplantation;96
8.5.9;Acknowledgement;96
8.5.10;References;97
8.6;Chapter 6 NK cell KIR heterogeneity and evolution;102
8.6.1;The roles of MHC class I inhibitory receptors in NK cell function;103
8.6.2;Human KIR variation;103
8.6.3;Human NK cell repertoires;109
8.6.4;NK cell heterogeneity as a common feature in mammalian NK cell systems;112
8.6.5;Impact of KIR diversity on human health and disease;112
8.6.6;References;113
8.7;Chapter 7 Signalling events in natural killer cells;118
8.7.1;Introduction;118
8.7.2;Inhibitory NK receptors;119
8.7.3;Activating NK receptors;120
8.7.4;Signalling for NK-cell recruitment;126
8.7.5;Signals involved in NK-mediated immunoediting;129
8.7.6;References;131
8.8;Chapter 8 Human natural killer cell development;136
8.8.1;Introduction;136
8.8.2;Stages of human NK development;137
8.8.3;The location of human NK development;137
8.8.4;Diversity in development and function;139
8.8.5;Cytokines driving development;140
8.8.6;Gene regulation of NK cell development;140
8.8.7;NK education and regulation beyond final maturation;142
8.8.8;Conclusion;143
8.8.9;Acknowledgements;143
8.8.10;References;143
9;PART II: NK interactions with other cells;146
9.1;Chapter 9 Isolation, culture and propagation of natural killer cells;148
9.1.1;Introduction;148
9.1.2;Isolation of NK cells;149
9.1.3;Activation and expansion of NK cells;153
9.1.4;Conclusions;156
9.1.5;Financial support;157
9.1.6;References;157
9.2;Chapter 10 The localization and migration of natural killer cells in health and disease;160
9.2.1;Introduction;160
9.2.2;NK cells in secondary lymphoid organs;161
9.2.3;NK cells in other organs;163
9.2.4;NK cell migration;166
9.2.5;Do NK cells traffic?;170
9.2.6;Concluding remarks;171
9.2.7;References;171
9.3;Chapter 11 Receptors on NK cells;178
9.3.1;Inhibitory NK receptors;179
9.3.2;Activating NK receptors;183
9.3.3;Summary;188
9.3.4;References;188
9.4;Chapter 12 Development and testing of NK cell lines;192
9.4.1;Establishing an NK cell line as a clinical-grade product;193
9.4.2;Targeting of NK cell lines to tumours;196
9.4.3;Transfecting IL-2 and FcR into NK cell lines;196
9.4.4;References;197
9.5;Chapter 13 NK cell-derived cytokines and delivery: NK cell synapses;200
9.5.1;Cytokine production by NK cell subsets;200
9.5.2;Cytokine secretion pattern of decidual NK cells;201
9.5.3;Stimuli inducing cytokine secretion by NK cells;202
9.5.4;The NK cell immune synapse;203
9.5.5;NK–DC synapse;204
9.5.6;DC-mediated NK cell activation;205
9.5.7;NK cell-mediated DC activation;207
9.5.8;References;208
9.6;Chapter 14 NK cells as recipients of cytokine signals;212
9.6.1;Introduction;212
9.6.2;Cells influencing NK behaviour;213
9.6.3;Cytokines that affect NK cells;213
9.6.4;Other cytokine effects;219
9.6.5;Effector signalling pathways;219
9.6.6;Conclusion;220
9.6.7;References;220
9.7;Chapter 15 NK cells and chemokines;226
9.7.1;Introduction;226
9.7.2;Chemokine receptor expression by NK cells and chemokine-regulated NK cell functions in vitro;228
9.7.3;Signalling events controlling chemokine-regulated NK cell functions;230
9.7.4;In vivo regulation of NK cell functions by chemokines;231
9.7.5;Conclusions;233
9.7.6;Acknowledgements;233
9.7.7;References;234
9.8;Chapter 16 Natural killer cytolytic activity;238
9.8.1;Introduction;238
9.8.2;NK cell subsets and localization;239
9.8.3;Granule exocytosis model overview;239
9.8.4;Lytic granule components;240
9.8.5;Pore delivery model;243
9.8.6;Consequences of perforin deficiency;243
9.8.7;Granzyme-deficient mice;245
9.8.8;Death-receptor mediated cytotoxicity;245
9.8.9;Immunological consequences of NK cytotoxicity;246
9.8.10;References;247
9.9;Chapter 17 Illuminating intranodal natural killer cell behaviour using two-photon microscopy;252
9.9.1;NK cell development and tissue distribution;252
9.9.2;NK cell recruitment to LN;253
9.9.3;NK cell distribution within LN;253
9.9.4;Imaging intranodal NK cell dynamics;255
9.9.5;Cognate NK–target cell interactions;256
9.9.6;Imaging NK–DC interactions;257
9.9.7;Concluding remarks;258
9.9.8;Acknowledgements;258
9.9.9;References;258
9.10;Chapter 18 Dendritic cells and NK cells;262
9.10.1;Dendritic cells: the professional antigen-presenting cell;263
9.10.2;DC heterogeneity and hematopoietic development;265
9.10.3;DCs: lymphoid and/or myeloid origin?;265
9.10.4;Functional niches for DC subsets;266
9.10.5;Direct instructions from pathogens: DC activation through PRRs;266
9.10.6;Indirect instructions: DC activation through endogenous 'danger' signals;266
9.10.7;Killer DCs: another function for DCs;267
9.10.8;DC activation of NK cells through cell-to-cell contact;267
9.10.9;DC activation of NK cells by soluble factors;268
9.10.10;Role of killer effector cells in determining DC-mediated polarized immune responses;269
9.10.11;Reverse 'help' from NK cells;269
9.10.12;DC: NK crosstalk in peripheral tissues;269
9.10.13;DC–NK crosstalk in lymph nodes;270
9.10.14;Exploiting NK 'helper'/DC1 driving function in cancer;270
9.10.15;References;272
9.11;Chapter 19 NK and NKT cells: the innate–adaptive interface including humoral responses;278
9.11.1;Introduction;278
9.11.2;Functions of NK cells;279
9.11.3;Conclusions regarding the role of NK cells in regulating adaptive immune responses;285
9.11.4;NKT cells;286
9.11.5;NKT cell characterization, tissue and species distribution;286
9.11.6;NKT cell development;287
9.11.7;NKT cell mechanisms of action;288
9.11.8;CD1d regulates NKT cell tolerance and pathogenesis;289
9.11.9;Functional subsets of NKT cells;291
9.11.10;Conclusion;292
9.11.11;References;293
9.12;Chapter 20 NK cell and endothelial cell interactions;302
9.12.1;NK cell tissue distribution;302
9.12.2;Conclusion;308
9.12.3;Acknowledgements;309
9.12.4;References;309
9.13;Chapter 21 Natural killer cell/epithelial interactions;312
9.13.1;Phenotype of NK cells;312
9.13.2;Chemokine receptors of NK Cell;313
9.13.3;Adhesion molecules on NK cells;313
9.13.4;NK cell distribution and characteristics in normal skin in mouse and human;313
9.13.5;Abnormalities in NK cell distribution, activity and number in inflamed skin;314
9.13.6;NK cell–keratinocyte interactions;314
9.13.7;The role of NK cells in psoriasis;314
9.13.8;NK cells and allergic contact hypersensitivity;315
9.13.9;NK cells and the hair follicle epithelium in health and disease;315
9.13.10;Epithelium of the kidney and NK cells;316
9.13.11;Waldeyer's ring and NK cells;316
9.13.12;Airway epithelial cells and NK cells;316
9.13.13;Conclusions;317
9.13.14;References;317
9.14;Chapter 22 NK cell–T cell interactions;320
9.14.1;Introduction;320
9.14.2;T lymphocyte populations;321
9.14.3;NK cell populations;321
9.14.4;NK cell cytokine production and T cell activation;322
9.14.5;NK cells as antigen-presenting cells;323
9.14.6;NK cell-mediated killing as a means of controlling T cell responses;324
9.14.7;T cell effects on NK cells;325
9.14.8;Conclusion;326
9.14.9;Acknowledgements;326
9.14.10;References;326
10;PART III: NK cells in the tissues;332
10.1;Chapter 23 NK cells and NKT cells in cutaneous disorders;334
10.1.1;Introduction;334
10.1.2;Allergic contact dermatitis;336
10.1.3;Psoriasis;337
10.1.4;Atopic dermatitis;338
10.1.5;UV-induced cutaneous immune suppression;339
10.1.6;Cutaneous lymphomas;340
10.1.7;Conclusions;340
10.1.8;References;341
10.2;Chapter 24 Natural killer cells in the respiratory tract;344
10.2.1;Introduction;344
10.2.2;Cancer;345
10.2.3;Infectious diseases;345
10.2.4;Other inflammatory lung diseases;348
10.2.5;References;349
10.3;Chapter 25 Intestinal natural killer cells;354
10.3.1;Introduction;354
10.3.2;Identification of cytotoxic NK cells in the small and large intestine;355
10.3.3;Studies on human intestinal epithelial lymphocytes;355
10.3.4;Studies on human lamina propria lymphocytes;356
10.3.5;An NKp44[sup(+)] NK cell population in the human gut;356
10.3.6;Animal studies;357
10.3.7;Rat intestinal NK cells;357
10.3.8;NK cells in the amphibian and avian gut;358
10.3.9;Origins of NK cells in intestinal tissue;358
10.3.10;NK lymphoid progenitor cells in the gut;358
10.3.11;Alternative role for NK cells in 'wound healing' in intestinal tissues;359
10.3.12;Commensal microflora and pathways to activation of NK cells in the healthy intestine;360
10.3.13;Intestinal NK cells and enteric pathogens;361
10.3.14;Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and intestinal NK cells;361
10.3.15;Conclusions;364
10.3.16;References;364
10.4;Chapter 26 Natural killer cells in the liver;368
10.4.1;Introduction;368
10.4.2;Location of NK cells in the liver;369
10.4.3;Development of liver NK cells;369
10.4.4;References;375
10.5;Chapter 27 Natural killer cells in the spleen and lymph node;382
10.5.1;Introduction;382
10.5.2;Homing of lymphocytes to the LN at steady state;383
10.5.3;Homing of lymphocytes to the spleen at steady state;384
10.5.4;Lymphocyte migration within spleen and LN T-cell areas at steady state;384
10.5.5;NK cells in LN and spleen T-cell areas at steady state;385
10.5.6;Spleen and LNs in NK cell development and homeostasis;385
10.5.7;Regulatory role of CD4[sup(+)]CD25[sup(+)]Foxp3[sup(+)] T cells in NK cell activation in the LN in steady state;386
10.5.8;The inflamed LN and spleen;387
10.5.9;NK cell recruitment to the inflamed LN and spleen;387
10.5.10;Recruitment of circulating NK cells to inflamed LN and spleen T-cell areas is CXCR3-dependent;388
10.5.11;Activated and immigrating DCs as the potential source of CXCL3-ligands;389
10.5.12;Induced recruitment of NK cells to an inflamed LN provides IFN-gamma for T[sub(H)]1 priming;389
10.5.13;DC-mediated priming of NK cells leads to effector NK cell release into the circulation;390
10.5.14;References;391
10.6;Chapter 28 Nature killer cells in the central nervous system;396
10.6.1;Homing of NK cells into the CNS;396
10.6.2;NK cell-mediated neuron, oligodendrocyte and glial cell damage;397
10.6.3;NK cells in infection of the CNS;398
10.6.4;NK cells and tumour immune surveillance of the CNS;400
10.6.5;Regulatory functions of NK cells in CNS inflammation and autoimmunity;402
10.6.6;Summary and future research directions;403
10.6.7;Acknowledgements;404
10.6.8;References;404
10.7;Chapter 29 NK cells in the eye;408
10.7.1;Introduction;408
10.7.2;Immune privilege of the eye;409
10.7.3;Anatomical and structural properties of the eye that limit immune-mediated responses;410
10.7.4;Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive soluble factors in the eye;411
10.7.5;Cell membrane-bound factors that contribute to immune privilege;411
10.7.6;ACAID: A dynamic immunoregulatory process that sustains immune privilege in the eye;412
10.7.7;Ocular immune privilege and NK cells;413
10.7.8;Role of NK cells in bacterial, viral and neoplastic diseases of the eye;413
10.7.9;Conclusions;419
10.7.10;References;419
10.8;Chapter 30 NK cells and reproduction;426
10.8.1;Introduction;426
10.8.2;History and terminology;427
10.8.3;Uterine NK cells and the menstrual cycle;428
10.8.4;The origin of uterine NK cells;429
10.8.5;Phenotype of uterine NK cells;429
10.8.6;Function of uterine NK cells;431
10.8.7;Potential ligands for NK cells on trophoblast;433
10.8.8;Concluding remarks;436
10.8.9;References;436
10.9;Chapter 31 Identification of natural killer cells in tissues and their isolation;440
10.9.1;Introduction;440
10.9.2;NK cell subsets;441
10.9.3;NK cells in normal tissues;442
10.9.4;NK cells in disease;446
10.9.5;References;451
10.10;Chapter 32 Natural killer cell immune regulation: coordination of immune function in tissues;456
10.10.1;Introduction;456
10.10.2;Cellular interactions in innate immune responses;457
10.10.3;NK cell activation at inflammatory sites: role of receptor–ligand interactions and of TLRs;457
10.10.4;NK–DC interactions: NK cell-mediated killing of immature myeloid DCs (DC 'editing');458
10.10.5;NK cell-promoted maturation of myeloid DCs;458
10.10.6;Role of cytokine microenvironment in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses;459
10.10.7;NK cell interactions with mast cells: regulatory effects on the innate immunity;459
10.10.8;NK cells interaction with PDCs;461
10.10.9;Conclusions;461
10.10.10;Acknowledgements;462
10.10.11;References;462
11;PART IV: NK cells in disease;466
11.1;Chapter 33 Natural killer cells and transplantation;468
11.1.1;Introduction;468
11.1.2;Heart transplantation;469
11.1.3;Lung transplantation;470
11.1.4;Small bowel transplantation;471
11.1.5;Liver transplantation;471
11.1.6;Kidney transplantation;471
11.1.7;Skin transplantation;472
11.1.8;Pancreatic islet transplantation;473
11.1.9;Xenotransplantation;473
11.1.10;Chemokine-directed NK cell allograft infiltration;474
11.1.11;Transplantation immunotherapies and NK cell function;475
11.1.12;Conclusions;478
11.1.13;References;478
11.2;Chapter 34 Natural killer cells and autoimmunity;484
11.2.1;Introduction;484
11.2.2;Genetic association of NK cell receptor variation with autoimmune disease;485
11.2.3;Functional characteristics and models of NK cells in autoimmune diseases;485
11.2.4;Influence of NK cells on autoimmune T cell polarization;486
11.2.5;NK cell editing of myeloid cells;487
11.2.6;Direct targeting of autoimmune lymphocytes by NK cells;487
11.2.7;Summary;488
11.2.8;Acknowledgements;488
11.2.9;References;488
11.3;Chapter 35 Interaction of NK cells with bacteria;492
11.3.1;Introduction;492
11.3.2;Host defence by NK cells;493
11.3.3;Recognition of pathogens by PRRs;493
11.3.4;Crosstalk between NK cells and DCs;494
11.3.5;Regulation of Th1 immunity by lactic acid bacteria;494
11.3.6;The mechanism of NK and NKT activation by glycolipid a-GalCer;496
11.3.7;NKT cells act as regulatory cells rather than killer cells during activation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity bya-GalCer in vivo;496
11.3.8;Application of immunological theory to cancer immunotherapy and activation of innate immunity for cancer therapy;498
11.3.9;Activation of acquired immunity for cancer therapy using bacterial adjuvants;498
11.3.10;Conclusions;499
11.3.11;References;500
11.4;Chapter 36 Natural killer cells and human immunodeficiency virus;504
11.4.1;Introduction;505
11.4.2;Infection of NK cells by HIV-1;505
11.4.3;Effect of HIV-1 viraemia on NK cells;506
11.4.4;Interactions between NK cells and autologous DCs in HIV-1 infection;512
11.4.5;Effect of ART on NK cell phenotype and functions;513
11.4.6;Modulation of NK cell effector function in response to cytokines during HIV-1 infection;513
11.4.7;NK cells and resistance to HIV-1 infection;514
11.4.8;Genetic factors associated with a positive NK cell-mediated clinical outcome of HIV-1 infection;515
11.4.9;Future perspective;516
11.4.10;Acknowledgements;517
11.4.11;References;517
11.5;Chapter 37 Cytomegalovirus infection and NK cells;522
11.5.1;Cytomegalovirus;522
11.5.2;The role of NK cells in CMV infection;523
11.5.3;NK cell activation in CMV infection;525
11.5.4;Viral evasion of NK cell responses;526
11.5.5;NK cells can regulate anti-viral adaptive immune responses;528
11.5.6;Conclusion and perspectives;529
11.5.7;References;531
11.6;Chapter 38 Natural killer cells in allergy;534
11.6.1;Pathogenesis of allergic disease;534
11.6.2;Regulatory role of NK cells in allergy;535
11.6.3;NK subsets with regulatory function;535
11.6.4;NK cells in the lymph node;536
11.6.5;NK–DC crosstalk in allergy;536
11.6.6;NK cells and T cells;536
11.6.7;NK cells and eosinophils;536
11.6.8;NK cells and asthma;537
11.6.9;NK cells and atopic dermatitis;537
11.6.10;Concluding remarks;538
11.6.11;References;538
11.7;Chapter 39 Natural killer cells in wound healing;542
11.7.1;Wound healing;542
11.7.2;Conclusions;547
11.7.3;Acknowledgements;547
11.7.4;References;547
11.8;Chapter 40 Natural killer cells in atherosclerosis;550
11.8.1;NK cells in murine atherosclerosis;551
11.8.2;Conclusion;554
11.8.3;Acknowledgements;554
11.8.4;References;554
11.9;Chapter 41 Natural killer cells in leukaemia;556
11.9.1;Introduction;556
11.9.2;NK cells as effectors of antileukaemia activity;557
11.9.3;NK cells in acute leukaemia;557
11.9.4;NK cells in chronic leukaemia;559
11.9.5;NK cells and CLL;560
11.9.6;NK cells in myelodysplasia;560
11.9.7;NK cells in chronic myeloproliferative disorders;561
11.9.8;Immunotherapy;561
11.9.9;Conclusions;562
11.9.10;Acknowledgements;562
11.9.11;References;562
11.10;Chapter 42 Natural killer cells and allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation;566
11.10.1;Introduction;566
11.10.2;NK cell alloreactivity in allogeneic HCT: pre-clinical data;568
11.10.3;Donor-versus-recipient NK cell alloreactivity in allogeneic HCT;568
11.10.4;Guidelines for NK alloreactive donor selection;571
11.10.5;Another NK cell effect in transplantation: the missing ligand model;571
11.10.6;Do activating KIRs play a role in transplantation?;572
11.10.7;Conclusions;572
11.10.8;Acknowledgements;573
11.10.9;References;573
11.11;Chapter 43 Clinical trials of NK cells for cancer;578
11.11.1;Introduction;579
11.11.2;Biologic basis of NK cell-mediated therapies;579
11.11.3;Therapeutic applications for NK cells;581
11.11.4;Clinical-scale GMP production and expansion of human NK cells;585
11.11.5;Summary;588
11.11.6;References;589
11.12;Chapter 44 Natural killer cells and hepatitis C virus infection;594
11.12.1;Introduction;595
11.12.2;Hepatitis C virus;595
11.12.3;Host response to HCV infection;597
11.12.4;Current therapy of HCV infection;605
11.12.5;Acknowledgement;605
11.12.6;References;606
11.13;Chapter 45 Natural killer cells and the biology of parasitism;612
11.13.1;Introduction;612
11.13.2;Malaria;613
11.13.3;Toxoplasma gondii;615
11.13.4;Leishmaniasis;617
11.13.5;Trypansoma cruzi;618
11.13.6;Helminths;619
11.13.7;Conclusion;620
11.13.8;References;620
11.14;Chapter 46 Lymphoproliferative disorders of natural killer cells;624
11.14.1;Introduction;624
11.14.2;WHO recognized NK cell neoplasms;625
11.14.3;Inter-relation of the WHO recognized NK cell neoplasms;632
11.14.4;References;634
12;PART V: Special topics in NK biology;638
12.1;Chapter 47 Natural killer cell induction of tolerance;640
12.1.1;NK cell self-tolerance;641
12.1.2;Non-MHC-class-I–specific NK-cell recognition;644
12.1.3;NK cells in regulation of immune responses;645
12.1.4;References;651
12.2;Chapter 48 Genetic engineering of natural killer cells;656
12.2.1;Introduction;656
12.2.2;Expression of transgenes by primary NK cells and NK cell lines;657
12.2.3;Adenoviral transduction of primary, IL-2-activated NK cells—marker genes;658
12.2.4;A-NK cell transduction—cytokine genes—IL-2;658
12.2.5;IL-12 gene transduction enhances IFN[sub(?)] production and CD25 expression by NK cells;659
12.2.6;Reduced need for exogenous IL-2 support by A-NK cells transduced to express IL-12;660
12.2.7;Superior antitumour effect by A-NK[sub(12)] cells compared to A-NK[sub(mock)] cells;661
12.2.8;Local IL-12 production benefits 'bystander' nontransduced A-NK cells;661
12.2.9;IL-12 induced host production of IFN[sub(?)] is essential for the antitumour effects of A-NK[sub(12)] cells;663
12.2.10;Transduction of A-NK cells to express both IL-12 and TNFa;664
12.2.11;Simultaneous transduction of NK cells with IL-12 and IL-2 genes eliminates the need for exogenous IL-2;665
12.2.12;Promising outlook for genetically engineered NK cells;665
12.2.13;References;666
12.3;Chapter 49 NK cell-mediated target cell death;668
12.3.1;Introduction;668
12.3.2;Cell-mediated cytotoxicity;669
12.3.3;Death-associated proteolytic activities in target cells as a measure of effector cell lethality;671
12.3.4;Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity;672
12.3.5;Conclusions;673
12.3.6;References;673
12.4;Chapter 50 NK-cell tracking using non-invasive imaging modalities;676
12.4.1;Introduction;676
12.4.2;Routes for NK-cell administration;678
12.4.3;Imaging techniques for tracking of NK cells;678
12.4.4;Optical imaging for tracking of NK-cell immunotherapy;679
12.4.5;MR imaging;680
12.4.6;NK cell tracking with bifunctional contrast agents or double labelling techniques;683
12.4.7;FDG-PET imaging;683
12.4.8;Other radiotracer modalities;684
12.4.9;Translational and clinical applications;684
12.4.10;Conclusion;684
12.4.11;References;685
13;Subject index;688
13.1;A;688
13.2;B;689
13.3;C;689
13.4;D;690
13.5;E;691
13.6;F;691
13.7;G;692
13.8;H;692
13.9;I;693
13.10;J;694
13.11;K;694
13.12;L;694
13.13;M;695
13.14;N;696
13.15;O;697
13.16;P;697
13.17;R;698
13.18;S;698
13.19;T;699
13.20;U;700
13.21;V;700
13.22;W;701
13.23;X;701
13.24;Y;701
14;Colour plates section;702