E-Book, Englisch, 647 Seiten
Manahan Environmental Science and Technology
2. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-1-4200-0321-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology, Second Edition
E-Book, Englisch, 647 Seiten
ISBN: 978-1-4200-0321-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Formally established by the EPA nearly 15 years ago, the concept of green chemistry is beginning to come of age. Although several books cover green chemistry and chemical engineering, none of them transfer green principles to science and technology in general and their impact on the future. Defining industrial ecology, Environmental Science and Technology: A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology provides a general overview of green science and technology and their essential role in ensuring environmental sustainability.
Written by a leading expert, the book provides the essential background for understanding green science and technology and how they relate to sustainability. In addition to the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere traditionally covered in environmental science books, this book is unique in recognizing the anthrosphere as a distinct sphere of the environment. The author explains how the anthrosphere can be designed and operated in a manner that does not degrade environmental quality and, in most favorable circumstances, may even enhance it.
With the current emphasis shifting from end-of-pipe solutions to pollution prevention and control of resource consumption, green principles are increasingly moving into the mainstream. This book provides the foundation not only for understanding green science and technology, but also for taking its application to the next level.
Zielgruppe
Undergraduate students in environmental science and engineering, environmental scientists, ecologists, and environmental policy experts.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH GREEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Sustainability
Natural Capital and the Quality of Life
Sustainability and the Common Good
The Master Equation
The Goals and Priorities of Green Science and Technology
Green Science
Green Technology
Life-Cycle Analysis
The Eco-Economy and Eco-Efficiency
Design for Environment
Green Products and Services
Twelve Principles of Green Science and Technology
THE FIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERES
Introduction
The Hydrosphere
The Atmosphere
The Geosphere
The Biosphere
The Anthrosphere
Cycles of Matter
GREEN CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Introduction
Introduction to Chemistry Atoms and Elements
Elements and the Periodic Table
Chemical Compounds and Chemical Bonds
Dealing with Matter Quantitatively: The Mole
Chemical Reactions and Equations
Physical Properties and States of Matter
Thermal Properties of Matter
Acids, Bases, and Salts
Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Green Chemistry
Cells: Basic Units of Life
Metabolism and Control in Organisms
Biochemicals and Biochemistry
WATER: A UNIQUE SUBSTANCE ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE
A Fantastic Molecule
Water as an Essential Resource
Occurrence of Water
Water Utilization
Standing Bodies of Water
Flowing Water
Groundwater
Impoundment and Transfer of Water
Water: A Very Useful Green Substance
Water Technology and Industrial Use
AQUATIC BIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY, AND CHEMISTRY
Organisms in Water
Life in the Ocean
Life at the Interface of Seawater with Fresh Water and with Land
Freshwater Life
Microorganisms in Water
Microorganisms and Elemental Transitions
Acid-Base Phenomena in Aquatic Chemistry
Phase Interactions and Solubility
Oxidation-Reduction
Metal Ions and Calcium in Water
Complexation and Speciation of Metals
KEEPING WATER GREEN
Water Pollution: Green Water May Not Be So Green
Nature and Types of Water Pollutants
Heavy Metals
Inorganic Water Pollutants
Organic Water Pollutants
Pesticides in Water
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Radioactive Substances in Water
Municipal Water Treatment
Treatment of Water for Industrial Use
Wastewater Treatment
Water as a Green Resource
Alternative Green Uses of Water
Water Technology and Industrial Use
Hot Water
Supercritical Water
THE ATMOSPHERE: A PROTECTIVE BLANKET AROUND US
Living at the Bottom of a Sea of Gas
Composition of the Atmosphere
The Properties of Gases
The Atmosphere as a Medium for the Transfer of Mass and Energy
Meteorology
Weather
Climate
Microclimate
Atmospheric Particles
The Atmosphere as a Reservoir of Natural Capital
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry
Photochemical Processes
Chain Reactions in the Atmosphere
Oxidation Processes in the Atmosphere
Acid-Base Reactions in the Atmosphere
Air Pollution
Environmental Fate and Transport in the Atmosphere
Reactions of Atmospheric Oxygen
Carbon Oxides
Reactions of Atmospheric Nitrogen and its Oxides
Sulfur Compounds in the Atmosphere
Fluorine, Chlorine, and their Gaseous Inorganic Compounds Water in Atmospheric Chemistry
Atmospheric Particles and Atmospheric Chemistry
Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere
Photochemical Smog
SUSTAINING AN ATMOSPHERE FOR LIFE ON EARTH
Blue Skies for a Green Earth
Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
Green Science and Technology to Alleviate Global Warming
Drought and Desertification
Green Science and Technology to Combat Desertification
Acid Precipitation
Green Remedies for Acid Precipitation
Stratospheric Ozone Destruction
Green Solutions to Stratospheric Ozone Destruction
Photochemical Smog
Catastrophic Atmospheric Events
Literature Cited
THE GEOSPHERE
The Geosphere
The Nature of Solids in the Geosphere
The Restless Earth
Sediments
Interaction with the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
Life Support by the Geosphere
Geochemistry
Water on and in the Geosphere
Economic Ecology
Geospheric Resources
Geospheric Sources of Useful Minerals
Evaluation of Mineral Resources
Extraction and Mining
Metals
Nonmetal Mineral Resources
How Long Will Essential Minerals Last?
Green Sources of Minerals
SOIL, AGRICULTURE, AND FOOD PRODUCTION
Agriculture
Soil: Essential for Life, Key to Sustainability
Soil Formation and Horizons
Soil Macrostructure and Microstructure
Inorganic and Organic Matter in Soil
Nutrients and Fertilizers in Soil
Soil and the Biosphere
Wastes and Pollutants in Soil
Soil Loss and Deterioration
Soil Conservation and Restoration
Shifting Cultivation: Slash and Burn
Process Intensification in Agriculture
Sustainable Agricultural Management
Agroforestry
Protein from Plants and Animals
Agricultural Applications of Genetically Modified Organisms
GEOSPHERIC HAZARDS AND SUSTAINING A GREEN GEOSPHERE
Managing the Geosphere
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Surface Processes
The Vulnerable Coasts
Engineering Geology
The Cryosphere and Vanishing Permafrost
Construction in the Geosphere
Digging in the Dirt
Modifying the Geosphere to Manage Water
Derelict Lands and Brownfields: Recycling Land
THE BIOSPHERE: ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Life and the Biosphere
Organisms and Green Science and Technology
Ecology and Life Systems
What is a Biological Community?
Physical Characteristics and Conditions
Effects of Climate
Species
Populations
Survival of Life Systems, Productivity, Diversity, and Resilience
Relationships Among Species
Changing Communities
Human Effects
Human Actions to Preserve and Improve Life on Earth
Laws and Regulations
Organisms Interacting with Foreign Chemicals
Biodegradation
TOXIC FFECTS ON ORGANISMS AND TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Toxic Substances and Green Science and Technology
Dose-Response Relationships
Relative Toxicities
Reversibility and Sensitivity
Xenobiotic and Endogenous Substances
Kinetic Phase and Dynamic Phase
Teratogenesis, Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, Immune System Effects, and Reproductive Effects
Health Hazards
BIOPRODUCTIVITY FOR A GREENER FUTURE
From Biomaterials to Petroleum and Back Again
Types of Biomaterials
Plant Productivity
Genetic Material and its Manipulation
Genetic Engineering
Biomaterials and Their Processing
Feedstocks
Glucose Feedstock
Cellulose Feedstock
Lignin Feedstock
Chemical Production by Biosynthesis
Direct Biosynthesis of Polymers
THE ANTHROSPHERE AS PART OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
The Earth as Made by Humans
Constructs in the Anthrosphere
Anthrospheric Flows
Anthrospheric Conduits
Infrastructure
Transportation
The Communications Revolution
Technology and Engineering
Acquisition of Raw Materials
Agriculture -The Most Basic Industry
Industries
Materials Science
Automation
Robotics
Computers and Technology
Thinking Small: Micromachines and Nanotechnology
High Tech
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE UTILIZATION
Introduction
The Old, Unsustainable Way
Earth Systems Engineering and Management
The Emergence of Industrial Ecology
The Five Major Components of an Industrial Ecosystem
Industrial Metabolism
Materials Flow and Recycling in an Industrial Ecosystem
The Kalundborg Industrial Ecosystem
Environmental Impacts and Wastes
Three Key Attributes: Energy, Materials, Diversity
Life Cycles: Expanding and Closing the Materials Loop
Life-Cycle Assessment
Consumable, Recyclable, and Service (Durable) Products
Design for Environment
Inherent Safety
Twelve Principles of Green Engineering
ADEQUATE, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: KEY TO SUSTAINABILITY
Introduction
Nature of Energy
Sources of Energy Used in the Anthrosphere
Energy Devices and Conversions
Green Technology and Energy Conversion Efficiency
The Energy Problem
World Energy Resources
Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Sources
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Carbon Sequestration for Fossil Fuel Utilization
Nuclear Energy
Geothermal Energy
The Sun: An Ideal, Renewable Energy Source
Hydrogen as a Means to Store and Utilize Energy
Energy From Moving Air and Moving Water
Biomass Energy
Combined Power Cycles
