Maramorosch Advances in Virus Research

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-0-08-088809-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 264 Seiten, Web PDF

Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology.
The impact factor for 2006 is 3.48 placing it 7th in the highly competitive category of virology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Maramorosch, Karl

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in Virus Research;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Chapter 1: The Pathogenesis of Poliomyelitis: What We Don't Know;10
5.1;I. Introduction;12
5.2;II. Sequential Steps in the Spread of Infection;12
5.2.1;A. Questions unanswered: Cellular sites of replication;13
5.2.2;B. Questions unanswered: Neural invasion from the blood;15
5.3;III. Provocation Poliomyelitis;15
5.3.1;A. Questions unanswered: The mechanism of the provoking effect;16
5.3.2;B. Questions unanswered: Neural spread;19
5.4;IV. PVR, Tropism, and the Localization of Lesions;20
5.4.1;A. Questions unanswered: Receptor expression is necessary but not sufficient;20
5.4.2;B. Questions unanswered: Localization within the CNS;22
5.4.3;C. Questions unanswered: How poliovirus kills cells;24
5.5;V. Host Innate and Immune Response to Infection;24
5.5.1;A. Questions unanswered: The acquired immune response;25
5.6;VI. Immune Defenses and Viral Clearance: Mechanisms of Vaccine-Induced Protection;26
5.6.1;A. Primary infections;26
5.6.2;B. Secondary infection in immune hosts;27
5.6.3;C. Poliovirus serotypes;29
5.7;VII. Animal Models of Human Poliomyelitis;30
5.7.1;A. Questions unanswered: Determinants of primate susceptibility;31
5.7.2;B. Questions unanswered: The mechanism of rodent adaptation;32
5.7.3;C. Questions unanswered: PVR mice;34
5.7.4;D. Questions unanswered: The tropism enigma;35
5.8;VIII. Virulence of Polioviruses;35
5.8.1;A. Questions unanswered: Mechanisms of neurovirulence;41
5.8.2;B. Questions unanswered: Viremia and virulence;41
5.8.3;C. Questions unanswered: Epidemiological properties of polioviruses;42
5.9;IX. How Does Poliovirus Persist?;43
5.9.1;A. Questions unanswered: Overt persistence of poliovirus;44
5.9.2;B. The post-polio syndrome and covert persistence of poliovirus;44
5.10;X. Eradication;45
5.10.1;A. Questions unanswered: Why is it so difficult to complete the global eradication of wild polioviruses?;46
5.11;XI. Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses and the Eradication Endgame;47
5.11.1;A. Questions unanswered: What strategy should be followed if wild polioviruses are eradicated?;48
5.12;XII. Reprise;50
5.13;Acknowledgments;51
5.14;References;51
6;Chapter 2: Cutting the Gordian Knot-Development and Biological Relevance of Hepatitis C Virus Cell Culture Systems;60
6.1;I. Introduction;62
6.2;II. Genetic Heterogeneity of HCV-Genotypes, Subtypes, Isolates, and Quasispecies;63
6.3;III. The HCV Genome and Its Encoded Proteins;68
6.4;IV. Host Cell Factors Supporting the HCV Life Cycle;76
6.5;V. Consensus HCV cDNA Clones-Infectious in Transfected Chimpanzees;80
6.6;VI. The Replicon System-Autonomous HCV RNA Replication in Hepatoma Cell Lines;82
6.6.1;A. Identification of adaptive mutations led to more efficient replicon systems;83
6.6.2;B. The study of replicon systems led to identification of highly permissive Huh7 cell lines;87
6.7;VII. Pseudo-Particles Expressing the HCV Envelope Proteins (HCVpp)-A System for the Study of Viral Entry and Neutralization;88
6.8;VIII. The JFH1 Isolate-Generation of Cell Culture Derived HCV (HCVcc) in Full Viral Life Cycle Cell Culture Systems;91
6.8.1;A. The original and adapted JFH1 cell culture system;91
6.8.2;B. The J6/JFH1 cell culture system;96
6.8.3;C. Analysis of HCV buoyant density suggests a role of lipoproteins for the viral life cycle;98
6.8.4;D. Possible causes of special growth characteristics of JFH1 and J6/JFH1;100
6.8.5;E. Applicability of JFH1 and J6/JFH1 cell culture systems;101
6.9;IX. Perspectives for Further Development of HCV Cell Culture Systems;104
6.9.1;A. Adaptation of cell culture systems to yield higher viral titers;104
6.9.2;B. Cell culture systems for other HCV genotypes;104
6.9.3;C. Expansion of cell culture systems to different host cells;109
6.10;X. Conclusion-Implications of Novel Cell Culture Systems;112
6.11;Acknowledgments;113
6.12;References;113
7;Chapter 3: Poxvirus Host Range Genes;144
7.1;I. Introduction;145
7.2;II. Orthopoxvirus Host Range Genes;146
7.2.1;A. SPI-1;149
7.2.2;B. K1L;152
7.2.3;C. C7L;154
7.2.4;D. CHOhr;155
7.2.5;E. p28/N1R;156
7.2.6;F. B5R (ps/hr);157
7.2.7;G. E3L;158
7.2.8;H. K3L;161
7.3;III. Myxoma Virus Host Range Genes;162
7.3.1;A. M-T2;163
7.3.2;B. M-T4;164
7.3.3;C. M-T5;164
7.3.4;D. M11L;166
7.3.5;E. M13L;167
7.3.6;F. M063;168
7.4;IV. Molluscum Contagiosum: An Extreme Example of Host Range Restriction;169
7.5;V. Conclusions;169
7.6;Acknowledgments;171
7.7;References;172
8;Chapter 4: Receptor Interactions, Tropism, and Mechanisms Involved in Morbillivirus-Induced Immunomodulation;182
8.1;I. Introduction;183
8.1.1;A. General aspects of MV- and morbillivirus-induced immunosuppression;185
8.1.2;B. Relationships between tropism of the virus, spread of infection, and immunosuppression;186
8.2;II. Leukopenia Associated with Morbillivirus Infections;190
8.3;III. Mechanisms and Consequences of T Cell Silencing in Morbillivirus Infections;192
8.4;IV. Receptors and Signaling Involved in Suppression of Cell Functions;195
8.5;V. Virus Interactions with DCs;199
8.5.1;A. Virus interference with DC functions in animal models;199
8.5.2;B. Experimental models and consequences of DC surface interactions with viral proteins;200
8.5.3;C. Consequences of infection on DC viability and function;201
8.6;VI. Conclusions and Perspectives;204
8.7;References;205
9;Chapter 5: Lyssaviruses-Current Trends;216
9.1;I. Introduction;217
9.2;II. Developments in Diagnostic and Surveillance Tools;218
9.2.1;A. Diagnosis;218
9.2.2;B. Viral typing;219
9.2.3;C. Evolutionary time frames;220
9.2.4;D. Modeling applications;221
9.3;III. Fundamental Aspects of Virus-Host Interactions;222
9.3.1;A. What is the basis for RABV pathogenicity?;223
9.3.2;B. Role of viral proteins;223
9.3.3;C. Role of host cell pathways;227
9.3.4;D. Considerations for future studies on rabies pathogenesis;231
9.4;IV. Reverse Genetics-Methodology and Applications;231
9.4.1;A. RABV vaccines;233
9.4.2;B. Vaccines for other diseases;234
9.5;V. Other Strategies for Rabies Vaccine Development;236
9.5.1;A. Adenovirus recombinants;236
9.5.2;B. DNA vaccines;237
9.6;VI. The Challenge of Rabies Biologics for Passive Immunity;239
9.7;VII. Novel Applications of RABV;240
9.7.1;A. Use as a neuronal tracer;240
9.7.2;B. Use of RABV proteins for molecular targeting;244
9.8;VIII. Concluding Remarks;245
9.9;References;246
10;Index;260
11;Color plate section;266