Volume 3: Developments for Innovation
E-Book, Englisch, 440 Seiten, eBook
ISBN: 978-0-387-45951-6
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
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Research
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Weitere Infos & Material
Innovation.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Innovation.- Custom-Fit: Quality of Life of European Sporting Public through Custom-Fit Products.- VeloVent — An Inner City Traffic System for Active People.- Approach of a Model for the Interaction Between Athlete, Sports Equipment and Environment.- Strategy Deployment of High-Technology Companies Entering the Consumer Sports Electronic Market.- From Innovation to Firm Formation: Contributions by Sports Enthusiasts to the Windsurfing, Snowboarding & Skateboarding Industries.- Some Problems of Pareto-Optimisation in Sports Engineering.- Life Cycle Assessment and Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Sports Equipment.- Sports Engineering and Sustainability.- Design.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Design.- The Use of System Analysis and Design Methodology in the Development of a Novel Cricket Bowling System.- Degradation of Tennis Balls and their Recovery.- Development of a Highly Adjustable Cushioned Treadmill.- A New Piece of Equipment for Skiing and Fitness — A Comparison with Existing Models.- A Fresh Approach to Sports Equipment Design: Evolving Hockey Sticks Using Genetic Algorithms.- Development of a New Nordic Walking Equipment and a New Sporting Technique.- Materials.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Materials.- Recent Advances in Understanding the Behavior of Shockpads for Outdoor Synthetic Sports Pitches.- The Effect of Pressure on Friction of Steel and Ice and Implementation to Bobsleigh Runners.- Prediction of the Flexural Modulus of Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics for use as Kayak Paddle Blades.- Sandvik Nanoflex® — Designed for Ultimate Performance.- Manufacturing of Bobsled Runners.- Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics — Trendsetting Material for High Performance Racing Bike Chassis.- Development of Equipment to Compare Novel Ice Skate Blade Materials.- Safety.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Safety.- Safe Use and Redesign of Hydrostatic Weighing Equipment.- Effects of the Mechanical Properties of the Shell and Liner on the Shock Absorption of Helmets.- Simulation of Puck Flight to Improve Safety in Ice Hockey Arenas.- Dynamic Wrist Joint Protector for Sports Applications.- Do Helmets Reduce Fatalities or Merely Alter the Patterns of Death?.- Computer Applications in Sports.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Computer Application in Sports.- Development and Integration of a Novel Cricket Bowling System.- Creating the SMART system—A Database for Sports Movement.- Computer Application in Sports.- Ubiquitous Fitness Support Starts in Everyday’s Context.- Application of Different Computerized Methods for Modelling the Training-Performance Relationship.- Computer-Supported Training (CST) — Integrating Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for Outdoor Training.- Potentials of Information Technologies for Innovation in Fitness Equipment — A Case Study.- Computer Support for Coaching and Scouting in Football.- The Effects of Multimedia Computer-Assisted Instruction on Middle School Students’ Volleyball Performance.- Human Factors.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Human Factors.- Human Movement as a Culturally Shaped Act.- Understanding Human Perception of Field Hockey Stick Performance.- Strategies for Bank Shots and Direct Shots in Basketball.- Optimising Sweeping Techniques for Olympic Curlers.- An Initial Investigation of Human-Natural Turf Interaction in the Laboratory.- Analysis of Game Creativity Development by Means of Continuously Learning Neural Networks.- Influence of Sports Equipments on Human Arm.- Using Sport to Educate and Enthuse Young People About Engineering and the Physical Sciences.- Movement, Health and Quality of Life for Senior Citizens — Prerequisites, Approaches, Concepts.- Performance Sports.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Performance Sports.- The Application of Inertial Sensors in Elite Sports Monitoring.- Requirements and Solution Concepts for the Development of Sport-Specific Measuring Units in High Performance Sports.- Analysis of Fulcrum Skate Performance.- The Klap-Trap: A Device to Monitor Dynamics of the Klap Mechanism in Speed Skating.- Golf Club Development.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Golf Club Development.- Optimum Design and Validation of a Graphite Golf Shaft Based on Dynamics of Swing.- Modelling Vibration Frequency and Stiffness Variations in Welded Ti-Based Alloy Golf Driver Heads.- Optimal Adjustment of Composite-Material Club Shaft Characteristics.- Factors Determining Backspin from Golf Wedges.- Player Fitting of Golf Equipment Using a Calibration Club.- Evaluation of Long and Short Shafts of Golf Club by Real Swing.- Iron Golf Club Striking Characteristics for Male Elite Golfers.- A Golf Swing Robot Emulating Golfers Considering Dynamic Interactions Between Arms and Clubs.- Outdoor Sports.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Outdoor Sports.- Influence of a New Backpack Design on Kinematics and Dynamics of Walking.- Study of the Loss of Thermal Properties of Mountain Boots in an Expedition to Mount Everest.- The Role of Engineering in Fatigue Reduction.- Shoes & Apparel.- Synopsis of Current Developments: Shoes and Apparel.- Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Technology for Sports Recovery.- A New Protocol for Testing the Tensile Strength of Rugby Garments — A Preliminary Study.- Modelling Traction of Studded Footwear on Sports Surfaces using Neural Networks.- The use of Stereoscopy and High-Speed Video for the Measurement of Quasi-Static and Dynamic Shoe Loading Scenarios.- Benchmarking Stiffness of Current Sprint Spikes and Concept Selective Laser Sintered Nylon Outsoles.- Relationship Between Shoe Dimensions, Ground Reaction Forces and Perception of Stability During Locomotion.- Mechanical Properties of Orthopaedic Insoles under Cyclic Loads and Correlation with Daily Use.
"The Application of Inertial Sensors in Elite Sports Monitoring (p. 289-290)
Daniel A. James
Griffith University, Australia, d.james@griffith.edu.au
Abstract. Arguably the performance of elite athletes today has almost as much to do with science, as it does with training. Traditionally the measurement of elite athlete performance is commonly done in a laboratory environment where rigorous testing of biomechanics and physiology can take place. Laboratory testing however places limits on how the athlete performs, as the environment is sufficiently different to the training environment.
In addition, performance characteristics are further augmented during competition when compared to regular training. By better understanding athlete performance during the competition and training environment coaches can more effectively work with athletes to improve their performance. The testing and monitoring of elite athletes in their natural training environment is a relatively new area of development that has been facilitated by advancements in microelectronics and other micro technologies.
Whilst it is a logical progression to take laboratory equipment and miniaturize it for the training and competition environment, it introduces a number of considerations that need to be addressed. In this paper the use and application of inertial devices for elite and sub-elite sporting activities are discussed. The capacity of accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure human motion thousands of times per second in multiple axis and at multiple points on the body is well established.
However interpretation of this data into well-known metrics suitable for use by sport scientists, coaches and athletes is something of a challenge. Traditional brute force techniques such as achieving dead reckoning position and velocity by multiple integration are generally regarded as an almost impossible task. However novel derivative measures of performance such as energy expenditure, pattern recognition of specific activities and characterisation of activities into specific phases of motion have achieved greater success interpreting sensor data.
1 Introduction
Athletic and clinical testing for performance analysis and enhancement has traditionally been performed in the laboratory where the required instrumentation is available and environmental conditions can be easily controlled . In this environment dynamic characteristics of athletes are assessed using treadmills, rowing and cycling machines and even flumes for swimmers . In general these machines allow for the monitoring of athletes using instrumentation that cannot be used in the training environment but instead requires the athlete to remain quasi static thus enabling a constant field of view for optical devices and relatively constant proximity for tethered electronic sensors, breath gas analysis etc.
Today however by taking advantage of the advancements in microelectronics and other micro technologies it is possible to build instrumentation that is small enough to be unobtrusive for a number of sporting and clinical applications (James, Davey and Rice 2004). One such technology that has seen rapid development in recent years is in the area of inertial sensors . These sensors respond to minute changes in inertia in the linear and radial directions.
These are known as accelerometers and rate gyroscopes respectively. This work will focus on the use of accelerometers, though in recent years rate gyroscopes are becoming more popular as they achieve mass-market penetration, thus increasing availability and decreasing cost and device size. Accelerometers have in recent years shrunk dramatically in size as well as in cost (-$US20)."
