Morse / Mackenzie Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates

1. Auflage 1990
ISBN: 978-0-08-086962-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 706 Seiten, Web PDF

This book covers the more basic aspects of carbonate minerals and their interaction with aqueous solutions; modern marine carbonate formation and sediments; carbonate diagenesis (early marine, meteoric and burial); the global cycle of carbon and human intervention; and the role of sedimentary carbonates as indicators of stability and changes in the Earth's surface environment. The selected subjects are presented with sufficient background information to enable the non-specialist to understand the basic chemistry involved. Tested on classes taught by the authors, and approved by the students, this comprehensive volume will prove itself to be a valuable reference source to students, researchers and professionals in the fields of oceanography, geochemistry, petrology, environmental science and petroleum geology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Morse, J. W.

Mackenzie, F. T.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;Preface;8
6;Chapter 1. The CO2-Carbonic Acid System and Solution Chemistry;18
6.1;Basic Concepts;18
6.2;Activity Coefficients in Solutions;27
6.3;Influences of Temperature and Pressure;37
6.4;The Carbonic Acid System in Seawater;43
6.5;Calculation of the Saturation State of Seawater with Respect to Carbonate Minerals;51
6.6;Concluding Remarks;55
7;Chapter 2. Interactions Between Carbonate Minerals and Solutions;56
7.1;Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals;56
7.2;Solubility Behavior of Carbonate Minerals;64
7.3;Surface Chemistry of Carbonate Minerals;81
7.4;Carbonate Dissolution and Precipitation Kinetics;89
7.5;Concluding Remarks;102
8;Chapter 3. Coprecipitation Reactions and Solid Solutions of Carbonate Minerals;104
8.1;General Concepts;104
8.2;Coprecipitation of "Foreign" Ions in Carbonate Minerals;110
8.3;Magnesian Calcite;123
8.4;Stable Isotope Chemistry;141
8.5;Concluding Remarks;148
9;Chapter 4. The Oceanic Carbonate System and Calcium Carbonate Accumulation in Deep Sea Sediments;150
9.1;An Overview of Major Processes;150
9.2;The CO2 System in Oceanic Waters;152
9.3;Sources and Sedimentation of Deep Sea Carbonates;164
9.4;The Distribution of CaCO3 in Deep Sea Sediments and Carbonate Lithofacies ;169
9.5;Factors Controlling the Accumulation of Calcium Carbonate in Deep Sea Sediments ;179
9.6;Variability of Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Deep Sea Sediments with Time;190
9.7;Concluding Remarks;193
10;Chapter 5. Composition and Source of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments;196
10.1;Introduction;196
10.2;Shoal-Water Carbonates in Space and Time;196
10.3;Carbonate Grains and Skeletal Parts;198
10.4;Biomineralization;212
10.5;Precipitation of Carbonates from Seawater;234
10.6;Concluding Remarks;255
11;Chapter 6. Early Marine Diagenesis of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments ;258
11.1;Introduction;258
11.2;Some Preliminary Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations;258
11.3;Very Early Diagenesis;266
11.4;Concluding Remarks;292
12;Chapter 7. Early Non-Marine Diagenesis of Sedimentary Carbonates;294
12.1;Introduction;294
12.2;Plate-Tectonic Controls on Diagenesis;297
12.3;General Considerations for Early Non-Marine Diagenesis;305
12.4;Major Phase Transformations;310
12.5;Mass Transfer During Diagenesis;326
12.6;Lithification in the Meteoric Environment;332
12.7;Bermuda: A Case Study of a Meteoric Diagenetic Environment;347
12.8;A Brief Synthesis of Meteoric Diagenesis;370
12.9;Concluding Remarks;387
13;Chapter 8. Carbonates as Sedimentary Rocks in Subsurface Processes;390
13.1;Introduction;390
13.2;P,T, and X and Carbonate Mineral Stability;391
13.3;Subsurface Water Chemistry in Sedimentary Basins;397
13.4;Continuous Processes;401
13.5;Examples of "Models" of Long-Term Diagenesis;417
13.6;Concluding Remarks;463
14;Chapter 9. The Current Carbon Cycle and Human Impact;464
14.1;Introduction;464
14.2;Modern Biogeochemical Cycle of Carbon;465
14.3;Human Impact on Carbon Fluxes;476
14.4;The Oceanic System;496
14.5;Concluding Remarks;526
15;Chapter 10. Sedimentary Carbonates in the Evolution of Earth's Surface Environment;528
15.1;Introduction;528
15.2;Sedimentary Rock Mass-Age Distributions;529
15.3;Secular Trends in Sedimentary Rock Properties;534
15.4;Carbon Cycling Modeling;570
15.5;Synopsis of the Origin and Evolution of the Hydrosphere-Atmosphere-Sedimentary Lithosphere;599
15.6;Concluding Remarks;613
16;Epilogue;616
16.1;Introduction;616
16.2;The Road Traveled;616
16.3;The State of the Art;619
16.4;Ever Onward;621
17;References;626
18;Index;698