E-Book, Englisch, Band 185, 76 Seiten, eBook
Neuhuber / Raab / Berthoud Innervation of the Mammalian Esophagus
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-32948-0
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
E-Book, Englisch, Band 185, 76 Seiten, eBook
Reihe: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology
ISBN: 978-3-540-32948-0
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
The esophagus is a relatively simple though vital organ. Beyond its role of propelling food from the pharynx to the stomach by a propulsive contraction wave representing the esophageal phase of deglutition, it is more and more recognized as a sensory organ from which a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes can be triggered, thus cooperating with the larynx in protecting the lower airways from aspiration. In ruminants, there is additional antiperistalsis for regurgitation. During emesis, the esophagus is a merely passive conduit except for some antiperistalsis in its upper part. In the interval between swallows, both oral and aboral ends of the esophagus are tonically closed by the upper and lower esophageal sphincters, UES and LES respectively, while the tubular esophagus is flaccid and partly filled with air. Despite this apparent simplicity, neuronal control of esophageal functions is considerably complex.
Zielgruppe
Research
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
Introduction.- Muscle layers of the esophagus.- Materials and Methods. Anterograde WGA-HRP tracing from nodose ganglion. Anterograde DiI tracing from thoracic dorsal root ganglia.- Extrinsic innervation. Vagal innervation.- Spinal innervation. Innervation of esophageal sphincters. Swallowing central pattern generator. Cortical representation of the esophagus in human.- Intrinsic innervation. General organization. Enteric coinnervation.- Functional considerations. General remarks. Cooperation between extrinsic and intrinsic systems.- Concluding remarks.- Summary.- References.- Subject Index.
