Ramstad / Aase / Husøy Subband Compression of Images: Principles and Examples

1. Auflage 1995
ISBN: 978-0-08-055085-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 378 Seiten, Web PDF

Sixth in the book series, Advances in Image Communication, which documents the rapid advancements of recent years in image communication technologies, this volume provides a comprehensive exploration of subband coding.Originally, subband coding and transform coding were developed separately. The former, however, benefitted considerably from the earlier evolution of transform coding theory and practice. Retaining their own terminology and views, the two methods are closely related and this book indeed aims to unify the approaches. Specifically, the volume contributes effectively to the understanding of frequency domain coding techniques. Many images from coding experiments are presented, enabling the reader to consider the properties of different coders.Chapter 1 introduces the problem of image compression in general terms. Sampling of images and other fundamental concepts, such as entropy and the rate distortion function, are briefly reviewed. The idea of viewing coding techniques as series expansions is also introduced. The second chapter presents signal decomposition and the conditions for perfect reconstruction from minimum representations. Chapter 3 deals with filter bank structures, primarily those displaying the perfect reconstruction property. Quantization techniques and the efficient exploitation of the bit resources are discussed from a theoretical perspective in Chapter 4 and this issue is further examined in Chapter 6, from a more practical point of view. Chapter 5 provides a development of gain formulas, i.e. quantitative measures of the performance of filter banks in a subband coding context, and these are then employed in a search for optimal filter banks. A number of examples of coded images using different subband coders are presented in Chapter 7, these indicating that subband coders give rise to some characteristic types of image degradations. Accordingly, Chapter 8 presents several techniques for minimizing these artifacts. The theory and practice of subband coding of video, at several target bit rates, is discussed in the last chapter.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ramstad, T. A.

Aase, S. O.

Husøy, J. H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Contents;14
3;Preface;8
4;Chapter 1. Introduction;18
4.1;1.1 Image Digitization;20
4.2;1.2 Image Compressibility;21
4.3;1.3 Practical Approaches to the Coding Problem;28
5;Chapter 2. Exact Signal Decomposition;40
5.1;2.1 Series Expansion: Block Transforms;40
5.2;2.2 Series Expansion: Multirate Filter Banks;43
5.3;2.3 The PR Conditions and Biorthogonality;52
5.4;2.4 Extension of Finite Length Signals;54
5.5;2.5 A Design Method for FIR Filter Banks;59
5.6;2.6 Summary;64
6;Chapter 3. Filter Bank Structures;66
6.1;3.1 z-Domain Notation;68
6.2;3.2 z-Domain PR Filter Bank Conditions;69
6.3;3.3 Polyphase Filter Bank Structures;73
6.4;3.4 Two-Channel Filter Banks ;80
6.5;3.5 Tree Structured Filter Banks;115
6.6;3.6 Parallel Filter Banks;116
6.7;3.7 Summary;141
7;Chapter 4. Bit Efficient Quantization;144
7.1;4.1 Scalar Quantization;144
7.2;4.2 Vector Quantization;152
7.3;4.3 Scalar Quantization and Mixture Distributions;156
7.4;4.4 Summary;169
8;Chapter 5. Gain-Optimized Subband Coders;172
8.1;5.1 Gain in Subband Coders;173
8.2;5.2 Reformulation of the Optimal Subband System;194
8.3;5.3 System Quantizer replaced by DPCM Coder;196
8.4;5.4 Lapped Orthogonal Transforms (LOTs);199
8.5;5.5 Summary;201
9;Chapter 6. Classical Subband Coding;204
9.1;6.1 Subband Statistics;205
9.2;6.2 Scalar Image Subband Quantization;212
9.3;6.3 Extension to Color Images;219
9.4;6.4 Summary;220
10;Chapter 7. Coding Examples and Comparisons;222
10.1;7.1 Blurring Distortion;224
10.2;7.2 Ringing Noise;226
10.3;7.3 Blocking Distortion;227
10.4;7.4 Comparing Circular and Mirror Extension;227
11;Chapter 8. Remedies for Coding Artifacts;234
11.1;8.1 Classification of Image Defects;236
11.2;8.2 FIR Filter Banks for Robust Coding;243
11.3;8.3 Subband Coding with Adaptive Filter Banks;270
11.4;8.4 Dynamic Entropy Coding;284
11.5;8.5 Summary;287
12;Chapter 9. Subband Coding of Video;290
12.1;9.1 Introduction;290
12.2;9.2 Approaches to Coding of Digital Video;291
12.3;9.3 Low-to-medium Rate Coding;304
12.4;9.4 Medium-to-high Rate Coding;329
12.5;9.5 Summary;352
13;Appendix A. Some Digital Signal Processing Facts;354
13.1;A.1 Allpass Filters;354
13.2;A.2 Anticausal Filtering;356
13.3;A.3 Multirate Digital Signal Processing;356
14;Appendix B. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation;364
15;Appendix C. Filter Coefficients;368
15.1;C.1 Johnston Filters;368
15.2;C.2 Two-Channel Filter Banks based on Allpass Filters;368
15.3;C.3 Parallel Filter Banks based on Allpass Filters;370
15.4;C.4 Parallel FIR Filter Banks;370
16;Appendix D. Original Images;374
17;Bibliography;378
18;Index;394