Rogers / Johnston / Murphy Antarctic Ecosystems

An Extreme Environment in a Changing World
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4443-4721-0
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 756 Seiten, E-Book

Since its discovery Antarctica has held a deep fascination forbiologists. Extreme environmental conditions, seasonality andisolation have lead to some of the most striking examples ofnatural selection and adaptation on Earth. Paradoxically, some ofthese adaptations may pose constraints on the ability of theAntarctic biota to respond to climate change. Parts of Antarcticaare showing some of the largest changes in temperature and otherenvironmental conditions in the world. In this volume, published inassociation with the Royal Society, leading polar scientistspresent a synthesis of the latest research on the biologicalsystems in Antarctica, covering organisms from microbes tovertebrate higher predators. This book comes at a time when newtechnologies and approaches allow the implications of climatechange and other direct human impacts on Antarctica to be viewed ata range of scales; across entire regions, whole ecosystems and downto the level of species and variation within their genomes.Chapters address both Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems,and the scientific and management challenges of the future areexplored.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rogers, Alex D.

Johnston, Nadine M.

Murphy, Eugene J.

Clarke, Andrew

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Contributors
Introduction: Antarctic ecology in a changing world
Andrew Clarke, Nadine M. Johnston, Eugene J. Murphy & Alex D. Rogers
Part I: Terrestrial and freshwater habitats
Chapter 1. Spatial and temporal variability in terrestrial Antarctic biodiversity Steven L. Chown and Peter Convey
Chapter 2. Global Change in a Low Diversity Terrestrial Ecosystem: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Diana H. Wall
Chapter 3. Antarctic lakes as models for the study of microbial biodiversity, biogeography and evolution
David A. Pearce and Johanna Laybourn-Parry
Part II: Marine habitats and regions
Chapter 4. The impact of regional climate change on the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula
Andrew Clarke, David K. A. Barnes, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Hugh W. Ducklow, John C. King, Michael P. Meredith, Eugene J. Murphy and Lloyd S. Peck
Chapter 5. The Marine Ecosystem of the West Antarctic Peninsula
Hugh W. Ducklow, Andrew Clarke, Rebecca Dickhut, Scott C. Doney, Heidi Geisz, Kuan Huang, Douglas G. Martinson, Michael P. Meredith, Holly V. Moeller, Martin Montes-Hugo, Oscar Shofield, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Debbie Steinberg and William Fraser
Chapter 6. Spatial and Temporal Operation of the Scotia Sea Ecosystem
Eugene J. Murphy, Jonathan L. Watkins, Phil N. Trathan, Keith Reid, Michael P. Meredith, Simeon Hill, Sally E. Thorpe, Nadine M. Johnston, Aandrew Clarke, Geraint Tarling, Martin Collins, Jaume Forcada, Angus Atkinson, Peter Ward, Iain Staniland, David Pond, Rachel Cavanagh, Rachael Shreeve, Rebecca Korb, Michael J. Whitehouse, Paul G. Rodhouse, Peter Enderlein, Aandrew Hirst, Anthony R. Martin, I. D. Briggs, Nathan Cunningham and Andrew Fleming
Chapter 7. The Ross Sea Continental Shelf: Regional Biogeochemical Cycles, Trophic Interactions, and Potential Future Changes
Walker O. Smith, Jr., David G. Ainley, Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti and Eileen E. Hofmann
Chapter 8. Pelagic ecosystems in the waters off East Antarctica (30°E-150°E) Stephen Nicol and Ben Raymond
Chapter 9. The dynamic mosaic: Disturbance and development of Antarctic benthic communities
David K.A. Barnes and Kathleen E. Conlan
Chapter 10. Southern Ocean deep benthic biodiversity
Angelika Brandt, Claude De Broyer, B. Ebbe, Kari E. Ellingsen, Andrew J. Gooday, D. Janussen, Stephanie Kaiser, Katrin Linse, M. Schueller, Michael R. A. Thomson, Paul A. Tyler and A. Vanreusel
Chapter 11. Environmental forcing and Southern Ocean marine predator populations: effects of climate change and variability
Phil N. Trathan, Jaume Forcada and Eugene J. Murphy
Part III: Molecular adaptations and evolution
Chapter 12. Molecular ecophysiology of Antarctic notothenioid fishes
C.-H. Christina Cheng and H. William Detrich III
Chapter 13. Mechanisms defining thermal limits and adaptation in marine ectotherms: an integrative view
Hans O. Pörtner, Lloyd S. Peck and George N. Somero
Chapter 14. Evolution and biodiversity of Antarctic organisms; a molecular perspective
Alex D. Rogers
Part IV: Conservation and management aspects
Chapter 15. Biogeography and regional classifications of Antarctica
Peter Convey, David K. A. Barnes, Huw J. Griffiths, Susie M. Grant, Katrin Linse and David N. Thomas
Chapter 16. Conservation and Management of Antarctic Ecosystems
Susie M. Grant, Peter Convey, Kevin A. Hughes, Richard A. Phillips and Phil N. Trathan
Index

Über Autor(innen)

Alex Rogers is a marine biologist working on the ecology andconservation of marine ecosystem. Most of his research has focusedon Antarctic and deep-sea habitats, including seamounts,hydrothermal vents and cold-water corals. He uses molecular toolsto help investigate the diversity and evolution of species andconnectivity of populations of marine organisms. He has also workedextensively on human impacts on the oceans and the development ofpolicies for improved management of the oceans.
Nadine Johnston is a marine ecologist. Her research isfocused on the interaction of Scotia Sea species and their links tothe circumpolar ocean (from a food web perspective) to understandthe importance of spatial and temporal variability in the operationof this ecosystem.
Eugene Murphy has spent over 25 years working on polarmarine ecosystems, as a marine ecologist and ecologicalmodeller. His major interests are in the structure andfunction of oceanic ecosystems, and how biological and physicalinteractions at different scales affect the dynamics of marinepopulations, the overall structure of marine ecosystems amd theirresponse to change.
Andrew Clarke has spent the over 40 years working inpolar regions, principally as a marine ecologist. His majorinterests are the elationship between temperature and thephysiology and ecology of organisms, and how changes in climateover geological time have influenced the distribution and diversityof organisms.