Rosenthal / Zimmerman Social Learning and Cognition

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7643-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 352 Seiten, Web PDF

Social Learning and Cognition examines the cognitive mechanisms of social learning and the social learning determinants of cognitive competencies. The explanatory principles of social learning are applied to the highest manifestations of human intellect: judgment, language, and thought. The book also explicates a social learning perspective on the social origins of complex abilities, and how these progressively evolve as children grow older. Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the interrelationships among cognition, behavior change, and social learning. Cognitive explanations for human behavior, and the kinds of evidence cited by cognitive theorists in support of their position, are considered, along with the major psychological theories that address abstract, rule-governed activities. The second chapter deals with children's acquisition and refinement of language, paying particular attention to the objections and misunderstandings raised by psycholinguists to counter modeling explanations of language learning. The third chapter examines relational judgments and categorical decisions and presents evidence showing that diverse modeling procedures can be powerful influences on language and verbal behavior. The final chapter summarizes and integrates research bearing upon the effect of modeling influences on a wide diversity of conceptual activities, ranging from the formation of simple concepts to elaborate intellectual demands that involve complex styles of reasoning and strategies for seeking and organizing information. This monograph is intended for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals from such diverse fields as child development, social psychology, psychiatry, social work, clinical psychology, education, and rehabilitation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rosenthal, Ted L.

Zimmerman, Barry J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Speech and Language: Advances in Basic Research and Practice;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;8
6;Preface;10
7;Chapter 1. The Perception of Speech in Early Infancy;14
7.1;I. THE SPEECH PERCEPTION PROCESS: THREE INSTRUCTIVE EXERCISES;15
7.2;II. MODELS OF THE PERCEPTUAL PROCESS;16
7.3;III. THE PERCEPTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS BY INFANTS;24
7.4;IV. COMMENTS ON ISSUES IN INFANT SPEECH PERCEPTION;41
7.5;V. BEYOND THE DATA: UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE AND ORIGINS OF EARLY PREDISPOSITIONS TOWARD SPEECH AND LANGUAGE;50
7.6;VI. APPLYING BASIC SCIENCE FINDINGS TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS;52
7.7;VII. DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE;53
7.8;VIII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;53
7.9;References;54
8;Chapter 2. Acoustic–Perceptual Methods for Evaluation of Defective Speech;62
8.1;I. A GENERAL BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE;65
8.2;II. ACOUSTIC PHONETICS AND THE CLINIC: SOME SUGGESTIONS;73
8.3;III. SUMMARY AND SOME CONCLUDING STATEMENTS;96
8.4;References;97
9;Chapter 3. Linguistic and Motor Aspects of Stuttering;102
9.1;I. INTRODUCTION;103
9.2;II. LINGUISTIC DETERMINANTS OF STUTTERING;103
9.3;III. MOTOR DETERMINANTS OF STUTTERING;135
9.4;IV. LINGUISTIC AND MOTOR MODELS OF STUTTERING;167
9.5;V. STUTTERING THERAPY APPROACHES INVOLVING LINGUISTIC AND MOTOR AWARENESS;194
9.6;VI. LINGUISTIC AND MOTOR ASPECTS OF STUTTERING: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS;209
9.7;Acknowledgments;212
9.8;References;212
10;Chapter 4. Anatomic Studies of the Perioral Motor System: Foundations for Studies in Speech Physiology;224
10.1;I. A RATIONALE FOR ANATOMIC INVESTIGATION OF THE PERIORAL MUSCULATURE;225
10.2;II. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERIORAL MUSCLES;229
10.3;III. CADAVERIC MATERIAL;236
10.4;IV. QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS: LINE TRACINGS OF PERIORAL MUSCLE TOPOLOGY (STUDY 1);237
10.5;V. QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS: DIRECT MEASURES OF PERIORAL MUSCLE TOPOLOGY (STUDY 2);245
10.6;VI. EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF ELECTRODE PLACEMENTS RECOMMENDED FOR THE PERIORAL MUSCLES (STUDY 3);259
10.7;VII. A SET OF PRELIMINARY SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRODE PLACEMENTS IN THE PERIORAL MUSCLES;263
10.8;VIII. CONCLUSIONS;274
10.9;APPENDIX A: SPECIMEN SPECIFICATIONS;276
10.10;APPENDIX B: SURFACE LANDMARK MEASURES;276
10.11;APPENDIX C: Tabulated Results;278
10.12;Acknowledgments;280
10.13;References;280
11;Chapter 5. Acoustic Characteristics of Normal and Pathological Voices;284
11.1;I. AUDITORY AND VISUAL METHODS;286
11.2;II. ACOUSTIC SYMPTOMS OF LARYNGEAL PATHOLOGY;287
11.3;III. ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR VOICE ANALYSIS;290
11.4;IV. VOICE PROFILES;303
11.5;V. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL DATA;307
11.6;VI. QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF VOICE THERAPY;309
11.7;VII. SUMMARY AND FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS;312
11.8;APPENDIX A: LINEAR MODEL OF VOICED SPEECH PRODUCTION;314
11.9;APPENDIX B: COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS;325
11.10;Acknowledgments;327
11.11;References;344
12;Chapter 6. Synergy: Toward a Model of Language;350
12.1;I. HISTORICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE;352
12.2;II. SYNERGY OF LANGUAGE: A RATIONALE;356
12.3;III. EVIDENCE FOR SYNERGISTIC RELATIONSHIPS;359
12.4;IV. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS;374
12.5;Acknowledgments;376
12.6;References;376
13;Subject Index;380