Salzmann / Edmonston / Raymer Demographic Aspects of Migration

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-531-92563-9
Verlag: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 345 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Demografischer Wandel - Hintergründe und Herausforderungen

Dr. Albert Schmid President of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees According to the United Nations, about 200 million people of the estimated world population of 6.8 billion are international migrants - that corresponds to about three per cent of the total world population. The proportion of international migrants in the global population has increased only marginally in the last 40 years. But, as a result of global population growth, the absolute number of migrants has increased, and their structure and spatial distribution has changed considerably. A structural shift has taken place primarily in the industrialised countries, where less than 20 per cent of the global workers are now living, but where more than 60 per cent of all migrants worldwide reside. Since 1990, more than 16 million people have moved to Germany, while about 11 million have left the country in the same period. Altogether, 15 million people of international migration origin are living in Germany, comprising almost 19 per cent of Germany's current population of 82 million. At the end of 2006, about 64 million people out of Europe's population of 732 million, or nine per cent, lived in a European country they were not born in. But why does anybody migrate at all? People decide to leave because, in general, they expect to find better conditions and opportunities in other countries or regions.

Thomas Salzmann is Research Scientist, Department of Demography, at Rostock University, Germany.
Barry Edmonston is Research Professor, Department of Sociology, and Associate Director, Population Research Group, at the University of Victoria, Canada.
James Raymer is a Lecturer in Demography in the Division of Social Statistics located in the School of Social Sciences at the University of Southampton, United Kingdom.

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Salzmann, Thomas

Edmonston, Barry

Raymer, James

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Acknowledgements;8
3;Contents;9
4;Introduction;11
4.1;Background;12
4.2;Measuring Immigration and Its Effects;12
4.3;Immigration and Natural Increase;16
4.4;Labour Force and Employment;19
4.5;Internal Migration and Migration to Japan;22
4.6;Major Themes;26
5;The Contribution of Immigration to Population Growth;28
5.1;Introduction;28
5.2;1. Three Ways of Measuring Immigration Effects on Population Growth;29
5.2.1;1.1 Studies of Period Change;29
5.2.2;1.2 Population Projections;32
5.2.3;1.3 Stationary Population Models;35
5.3;2. A Population Model of Immigrant Generations for Canada;36
5.4;3. Historical Trends;40
5.4.1;3.1 Immigration Since 1851;40
5.4.2;3.2 Population by Immigrant Generations;43
5.4.3;3.3 Foreign-born and Foreign-stock Population;45
5.5;4. Immigration’s Contribution to Population Growth;49
5.5.1;4.1 Total Canada Population;50
5.6;5. Conclusion;52
5.7;Acknowledgements;54
5.8;References;55
5.9;Appendix A. Estimation of Census Population Size;58
5.10;Appendix B. Comparison of International Migration Estimates;60
5.11;Appendix C. Estimating the Ccontirbution of Immigration to Population Growth;64
6;A General Framework for Estimating Population Movements;72
6.1;1. Introduction;72
6.2;2. General Modelling Framework;73
6.3;3. Population Movements in England;80
6.3.1;3.1 Available Data;80
6.3.2;3.2 Models;81
6.3.3;3.3 Results;82
6.3.4;3.4 Summary;83
6.4;4. International Migration between European Union Countries;86
6.4.1;4.1 Available Data;87
6.4.2;4.2 Models;88
6.4.3;4.3 Results;90
6.4.4;4.4 Summary;93
6.5;5. Conclusion;93
6.6;References;94
6.7;Acknowledgements;95
7;The Impact of Migration on Birth Replacement - The Spanish Case;96
7.1;1. Introduction;96
7.2;2. Demographic Replacement Indicators;97
7.3;3. Method and Data;99
7.3.1;3.1 Method: The Birth Replacement Ratios;99
7.3.2;3.2 Data;102
7.4;4. Analysis of Birth Replacement in Spain: National, Regional and Provincial;102
7.4.1;4.1 Replacement at a national level between 1908 and 2005: drop in fertility and mortality and the impact of international migration;103
7.4.2;4.2 The replacement at a regional level between 1908 and 2005: differential impact of internal and international migration in Castile and Leon and Madrid;109
7.4.3;4.3 The replacement at a provincial level 1975-2005: different depopulation and concentration processes;112
7.5;5. Conclusions;116
7.6;Acknowledgments;117
7.7;References;118
7.8;Appendix;120
8;Second Generation Mothers - Do the children of immigrants adjust their fertility to host country norms?;121
8.1;1. Introduction;121
8.2;2. Background: Swedish context of immigration and immigrant population;122
8.3;3. Previous research and theoretical considerations;126
8.4;4. Data and method;132
8.5;5. Results;138
8.6;6. Discussion;142
8.7;7. Conclusion;146
8.8;References;147
9;Selection, Social Status or Data Artefact - What Determines the Mortality of Migrants in Germany?;151
9.1;1. Introduction;151
9.2;2. Theoretical considerations;152
9.2.1;2.1 Definitions;152
9.2.2;2.2 Determinants on migrant mortality;152
9.2.2.1;2.2.1 Selection processes at immigration and remigration;153
9.2.2.2;2.2.2 Migration, health and social status;154
9.2.2.3;2.2.3 Statistical registration of migrants;156
9.2.2.4;2.2.4 Other determinants;156
9.3;3. Data and studies concerning migrant mortality in Germany;157
9.3.1;3.1 Official death statistics, cause of death statistics;157
9.3.2;3.2 Central Register of Foreigners (Ausländerzentralregister, AZR);158
9.3.3;3.3 Statutory Pension Insurance (Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung, GRV);158
9.3.4;3.4 Other databases;158
9.4;4. Empirical results;159
9.4.1;4.1 Migrant mortality based on official death statistics6;159
9.4.2;4.2 Migrant mortality based on the Central Register of Foreigners (AZR);160
9.4.2.1;4.2.1 Migrant mortality and length of stay;164
9.4.3;4.3 Migrant mortality based on data of the Statutory Pension Insurance (GRV);167
9.5;5. Conclusion;169
9.6;References;171
10;Fertility of Female Immigrants in Germany;176
10.1;1. Introduction;176
10.2;2. Theoretical considerations;177
10.2.1;2.1 Definition of reproductive behaviour;177
10.2.2;2.2 Hypotheses explaining the reproductive behaviour of female migrants;177
10.2.3;2.3 Figure to explain migrant fertility;179
10.3;3. Databases;185
10.4;4. Empirical Results;188
10.4.1;4.1 Period fertility Official statistics;188
10.4.2;4.2 Cohort fertility Sample Survey of Selected Migrant Groups in Germany (RAM);195
10.5;5. Conclusion;199
10.6;References;201
11;The dual demographic profile of migrants in Tuscany;205
11.1;1. Introduction;205
11.2;2. Theoretical framework: the lack of an integrated theory on migration flows;206
11.3;3. Foreign presence in Tuscany in recent years;208
11.4;4. Spatial distribution of the foreign population in Tuscany;210
11.5;5. The age and sex compositions of the Italian and foreign populations from LDCs and MDCs;211
11.6;6. Ethnic groups;215
11.7;7. Basic Conclusions;219
11.8;References;221
12;Immigrant Impact on Employment and Occupational Opportunities of Population in Britain;223
12.1;1. Introduction;223
12.2;2. Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Immigration Labour Market Effect and Hypotheses;225
12.2.1;2.1 Classical economic theory;225
12.2.2;2.2 Ethnic composition of local labour markets and the labour market impact of immigrants;227
12.2.3;2.3 Geography of the local labour market approach;228
12.2.4;2.4 Opportunity structure of the labour market and spatial inequality in Britain;229
12.3;3. Methodology: Data, Variables and Method;229
12.3.1;3.1 Data;229
12.3.2;3.2 Variables;230
12.3.3;3.3 Statistical method;233
12.4;4. Findings;234
12.4.1;4.1 Descriptive findings;234
12.4.1.1;4.1.1 Immigrant population in Britain;234
12.4.1.2;4.1.2 Spatial distribution of migrants in Britain;236
12.4.1.3;4.1.3 Educational composition of British population;238
12.4.1.4;4.1.4 Labour market destinations;238
12.4.1.5;4.1.5 The relationship between British labour market destinations and the spatial concentration of immigrants;239
12.4.2;4.2 Hierarchical multinomial regression modelling results;242
12.4.2.1;4.2.1 Analysing the probability of being out of the labour force or in long-term unemployment;243
12.4.2.2;4.2.2 Analysing the probability of being in skilled manual or lower supervisory occupations;245
12.4.2.3;4.2.3 Analysing the probability of being in white collar occupations relative to being unemployed or in unskilled jobs;247
12.5;5. Discussion and conclusions;249
12.6;References;252
12.7;Appendix 1;256
12.8;Appendix 2;257
13;Is Recent Immigrant Clustering in Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver Part of the Reason Behind Declining Immigrant Neighbourhood Quality?;259
13.1;1. Introduction;259
13.2;2. Literature review: Why Assess Wellbeing with Neighbourhood Quality?;260
13.3;3. Methodology;264
13.4;4. Results;267
13.5;5. Summary and Conclusions;271
13.6;References;274
14;Return migration to East Germany - Motives and Potentials for Regional Development;277
14.1;1. Introduction;277
14.2;2. Current state of research;278
14.2.1;2.1 Internal migration and return migration;278
14.2.1.1;2.1.1 Migration Theories;279
14.2.1.2;2.1.2 Different types of return migration;281
14.2.2;2.2 Local bonds as motivation for return migration;282
14.3;3. Data and Methods;284
14.4;4. Results;286
14.4.1;4.1 Origin;286
14.4.2;4.2 Age structure of the remigrants compared to other migrants;286
14.4.3;4.3 Working conditions and employee satisfaction;288
14.4.4;4.4 Reasons for Returning;288
14.4.5;4.5 Intentions of staying in Magdeburg;289
14.4.6;4.6 Commuter Mobility;290
14.5;5. Summary and conclusion;291
14.6;References;293
15;The Influence of Regional Factors on Individual Mobility Patterns;298
15.1;1. Introduction;298
15.2;2. Theory;300
15.3;3. Data and Methods;302
15.3.1;3.1 Data;302
15.3.2;3.2 Variables;303
15.3.3;3.3 Methods;304
15.4;4. Results;306
15.4.1;4.1 Descriptive Analysis;306
15.4.1.1;4.1.1 Wages;306
15.4.1.2;4.1.2 Regional Characteristics;310
15.4.2;4.2 Analytical Results;311
15.5;5. Conclusion;316
15.6;References;319
16;Care-Giver Migration to Greying Japan;322
16.1;1. Introduction;322
16.2;2. Demographic Change in Japan: Fundamentals;323
16.3;3. Japan’s Migration Policy: Fundamentals;326
16.4;4. Care-Giver Migration to Japan;330
16.4.1;4.1 Population Aging and the Health-Care Sector;331
16.4.2;4.2 Japan-Indonesia EPA: Content;333
16.4.3;4.3 Japan-Indonesia EPA: Negotiations;335
16.4.4;4.4 Japan-Indonesia EPA: On-Site;337
16.4.5;4.5 Japan-Indonesia EPA: Relevance;338
16.5;5. Conclusion;339
16.6;Acknowledgement:;340
16.7;References;341
17;The Authors;344

The Contribution of Immigration to Population Growth.- A General Framework for Estimating Population Movements.- The Impact of Migration on Birth Replacement - The Spanish Case.- Second Generation Mothers - Do the children of immigrants adjust their fertility to host country norms?.- Selection, Social Status or Data Artefact - What Determines the Mortality of Migrants in Germany?.- Fertility of Female Immigrants in Germany.- The dual demographic profile of migrants in Tuscany.- Immigrant Impact on Employment and Occupational Opportunities of Population in Britain.- Is Recent Immigrant Clustering in Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver Part of the Reason Behind Declining Immigrant Neighbourhood Quality?.- Return migration to East Germany - Motives and Potentials for Regional Development.- The Influence of Regional Factors on Individual Mobility Patterns.- Care-Giver Migration to Greying Japan.

Über Autor(innen)

Thomas Salzmann is Research Scientist, Department of Demography, at Rostock University, Germany. Barry Edmonston is Research Professor, Department of Sociology, and Associate Director, Population Research Group, at the University of Victoria, Canada. James Raymer is a Lecturer in Demography in the Division of Social Statistics located in the School of Social Sciences at the University of Southampton, United Kingdom.