Biotechnology

An Illustrated Primer
2. vollständig überarbeitete und stark erweiterte Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-527-33515-2
Verlag: Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH

Buch, Englisch, 410 Seiten, Format (B × H): 210 mm x 279 mm, Gewicht: 1262 g

Biotechnologie und Gentechnik gehören zu den Schlüsseltechnologien des 21. Jahrhunderts. Sie erlauben uns Schritt für Schritt, wissenschaftlich-technische Erkenntisse von Zellbiologie und Genetik, von Biochemie und Mikrobiologie, von Bioverfahrenstechnik und Bioinformatik auf die Gesundheitsvorsorge und die Heilung von Krankheiten, die landwirtschaftliche Produktion und die Herstellung von Nahrungsmitteln, den Technologiewandel bei der Herstellung von Chemie-Produkten und auf den Umweltschutz anzuwenden.
Wie viele Technologien sind sie aber auch nicht davor sicher, mißbraucht zu werden. Davor kann eine sachliche und breite Information über Chancen und Risiken am besten schützen.
Dieser Taschenatlas wendet sich deshalb nicht nur an Studenten der Natur- und Ingenieurswissenschaften und der Medizin, sondern auch an alle, die einen Überblick über die Produkte, die Methoden, die aktuellen Anwendungen und die ethischen, wirtschaftlichen und sicherheitstechnischen Rahmenbedingungen der Bio- und Gentechnologie suchen.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schmid, Rolf D.

Schmidt-Dannert, Claudia

Weitere Mitwirkende

Hammelehle, Ruth

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Biotechnologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Pharmazie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Pharmazeutische Technologie
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Lebensmitteltechnologie und Getränketechnologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

INTRODUCTION
Early developments
Biotechnology today
BIOTECHNOLOGY OF FOOD
Alkoholic beverages
Beer
Fermentierted food
Food and lactic acid fermentation
ALCOHOLS, ACIDS AND AMINO ACIDS
Ethanol
1-Butanol, acetone
Acetic acid
Citric acid
Lactic acid and gluconic acid
Amino acids
L-Glutamic acid
D,L-Methionine, L-lysine, L-threonine
L-Phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid, Apartame?
Amino acids by enzymatic transformation
ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics: abundance, applications and mechanisms of action
Antibiotics: production and resistance
Lactam antibiotics: structure, biosynthesis and mechanism of action
Lactam antibiotics: production
Amino acid and peptide antibiotics
Glycopeptide, polyether and nucleoside antibiotics
Amino glycoside antibiotics
Chinones, chinolones and aromatic antibiotics
Polyketide antibiotics
New strategies for antibiotics
SPECIALTIES
Vitamins
Nukleosides and nucleotides
Biotensides and biocosmetics
Polysaccharides (dextran, xanthan)
Biomaterials
Biotransformation
Steroid-biotransformations
ENZYMES
Enzymes
Enzyme catalysis
Enzymes for analytics
Enzyme analytics
Enzymes in technical applications
Detergent enzymes
Enzymes für starch degradation
Enzymatic starch hydrolysis
Enzymes and sweetenting
Cellulasens and hemicellulases
Enzymes for pulp and paper production
Pectinases
Enzymes for milk treatment
Enzymes for treatment of bakery goods and meet
Enzymes for leather treatment
New startegies for technical enzymes
BAKERS' YEAST AND FODDER YEASTS
Bakers' yeast and fodder yeasts
Proteins and oil from singel cell organisms
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Aerobic wastewater treatment
Anaerobic wastewater and slugde treatment
Biological off-gas purification
Biological soil remediation
Microbial ore leaching and biocorrosion
THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC BIOTECHNOLOGY
Insulin
Somatotropin and ohter hormones
Hemoglobin, serum albumin, lactoferrin
Clotting factors
Anticoagulants and thrombolytics
Enzyme inhibitors
The immune system
Stem cells
Interferons
Interleukins
Erythropoietin and growth factors
TNF and other pharma proteins
Vaccines, recombinant vaccines
Antibodies
monoclonal antibodies
recombinant antibodies
Immune analytics
Biosensors
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Animal breeding
Embryo transfer, cloned animals
Gen mapping
Transgenic animals
Gene farming
Plant breeding
Plant cell cultures: surface cultures
Plant cell cultures: suspension cultures
Transgenic plants: methods
Transgenic plants: resistance
Transgenic plants as bioreactors
MICROBIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS
Viruses
Bakteriophags
Microorganisms
Bacteria
Bacteria: charakterization
Fungi
Yeasts
Microorganisms: isolation, stem maintenance, safety
Stem maintenance of microorganisms
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
Culture
growth kinetics and product formation
fed-batch and continuous fermentations
Fermentation technique
Fermentation technique: upscaling
Cultivation of animal cells
Cultivation of animal cells: technical concepts
Enzyme and cell reactors
Downstream processing of bioproducts
Downstream processing of bioproducts: chromatography
Industrial processes
MOLECULAR GENETIC METHODS
DNA: structure
DNA: Function
Gene technology: general working steps
Preparation of DNA, restriction enzymes
Enzymes fortreatment of DNA
PCR - general method and applications
PCR DNA: synthesis and size determination - application examples
DNA: sequencing
Introduction of DNA in living cells (transformation)
Cloning and identificationof genes
Gene expression
Silencing of genes
Protein design
Gen banks and gene mapping
Genomes of prokaryotes
Genomes of eukaryotes
Human genome
Functional analysis of the human genome
DNA analytics
DNA arrays
Reporter groups
Gene therapy
CURRENT TRENDS
Compund screening
Proteomics
Bioinformatics
Metabolism
Metabolic engineering
SAFETY, ETHICS, ECONOMY
Safety in gene technology
Approval of bio- and gene technicologiocal products
Ethics and acceptance
Patents and biotechnology
International comparison

INTRODUCTION
Early developments
Biotechnology today
MICROBIOLOGY
Viruses
Bacteriophages
Microorganisms
Bacteria
Yeasts
Fungi
Algae
Some bacteria of importance for biotechnology
Microorganisms: isolation, preservation, safety
Microorganisms: strain improvement
BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemistry
Amino acids, peptides, proteins
Enzymes: structure, function, kinetics
Sugars, glycosides, oligo- and polysaccharides
Lipids, membranes, membrane proteins
Metabolism
GENETIC ENGINEERING
DNA: structure
DNA: function
RNA
Genetic engineering: general steps
Preparation of DNA
Other useful enzymes for DNA manipulation
PCR: general method
PCR: laboratory methods
DNA: synthesis and size determination
DNA sequencing
Transfer of foreign DNA in living cells (transformation)
Gene cloning and identification
Gene expression
Gene silencing
Epigenetics
Gene libraries and gene mapping
Genetic maps of prokaryotes
Genetic maps of eukaryotes
Metagenomics
CELL BIOLOGY
Cell biology
Stem cells
Blood cells and immune system
Antibodies
Reporter groups
BIOENGINEERING
Solid state fermentation (SSF)
Growing microorganisms
Growth kinetics and product formation
Fed-batch, continuous and high cell density fermentation
Fermentation technology
Fermentation technology: scale-up
Cultivation of mammalian cells
Mammalian cell bioreactors
Enzyme and cell reactors
Recovery of bioproducts
Recovery of proteins: chromatography
Economic aspects of industrial processes
FOOD AND FOOD ADDITIVES
Alcoholic beverages
Beer
Fermented food
Food and lactic acid fermentation
Prebiotics and probiotics
Baker's yeast and fodder yeasts
Fodder yeasts from petroleum feedstocks, single cell oil
Amino acids
L-Glutamic acid
D,L-Methionine, L-lysine, and L-threonine
AspartameTM, L-phenylalanine, and L-aspartic acid
Amino acids via enzymatic transformation
Vitamines
Nucleosides and nucleotides
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Bio-Ethanol
1-Butanol
Higher alcohols and alkenes
Acetic acid/ vinegar
Citric acid
Lactic acid, 3-hydroxy-propionic acid (3-HP)
Gluconic acid and "green" sugar chemicals
Dicarboxylic acids
Biopolymers: Polyesters
Biopolymers: Polyamides
Polysaccharides
Biosurfactants
Fatty Acids and their esters
ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
Biotransformation
Technical enzymes
Applied enzyme catalysis
Regio- and enantioselective enzymatic synthesis
Enzymes as processing aids
Detergent enzymes
Enzymes for starch hydrolysis
Enzymatic starch hydrolysis
Enzymes and sweeteners
Enzymes for the hydrolysis of cellulose and polyoses
Enzymes in pulp and paper processing
Pectinases
Enzymes and milk products
Enzymes in baking and meat processing
Other enzymes for food products and animal feed
Enzymes in leather and textile treatment
Procedures for obtaining novel technical enzymes
Protein design
ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics: occurrence, applications, mechanism of action
Antibiotics: screening, industrial production, and mechanism of action
Antibiotic resistance
ß-Lactam antibiotics: structure, biosynthesis, and mechanism of action
ß-Lactam antibiotics: manufacture
Amino acids and peptide antibiotics
Glycopeptide, lipopeptide, polyether, and nucleoside antibiotics
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
Tetracyclines, chinones, chinolones, and other aromatic antibiotics
Macolide antibiotics
New pathways to antibiotics
PHARMACEUTICALS AND MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Insulin
Growth hormone and other hormones
Hemoglobin, serum albumin, and lactoferrin
Blood clotting agents
Anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents
Enzyme inhibitors
Interferons
Interleukins and "anti-interleukins"
Erythropoietin and other growth factors
Other therapeutic proteins
Monoclonal and catalytic antibodies
Recombinant antibodies
Therapeutic antibodies
Vaccines
Recombinant vaccines
Steroid biotransformations
Diagnostic enzymes
Enzyme tests
Biosensors
Immunoanalysis
Glycobiology
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
Animal breeding
Embryo transfer, cloned animals
Gene maps
Transgenic animals
Breeding, gene pharming and xenotransplantation
Plant breeding
Plant tissue surface culture
Plant cell suspension culture
Transgenic plants: methods
Transgenic plants: resistance
Transgenic plants: products
Aerobic wastewater treatment
Anaerobic wastewater and sludge treatment
Biological treatment of exhaust air
Biological soil treatment
Microbial leaching, biofilms, and biocorrosion
MEGATRENDS
The human genome
Functional analysis of the human genome
Pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics
DNA assays
Gene therapy
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)
Tissue engineering
Drug screening
High-throughput sequencing
Proteomics
DNA and protein arrays
Metabolic engineering
Synthetic biology
Systems biology
Bioinformatics: sequence and structural databases
Bioinformatics: functional analyses
Carbon sources (C-sources)
Biorefineries
SAFETY. ETHICS, IP
Safety in genetic engineering
Regulation of products derived from biotechnology
Ethical considerations and acceptance
Patents in biotechnology
International aspects of biotechnology

Über Autor(innen)

Rolf Schmid studied chemistry, biochemistry and microbiology in Munich and Freiburg (Germany). After postdoctoral training in Gif-sur-Yvette (France) and Austin (USA), he joined Henkel KGaA in Dusseldorf (Germany) where he worked for 15 years, eventually as Director R&D Biotechnology. In 1987, he was invited to direct the Institute for Enzyme Technology at Braunschweig Technical University and the Division of Enzyme Technology and Chemistry of Natural Products at the 'Gesellschaft für biotechnologische Forschung' (GBF) in Braunschweig (Germany). From 1993 to 2009, he was Director of the Institute for Enzyme Technology at Stuttgart University (Germany). After having obtained an MBA diploma from the University of Reutlingen in 2007, he founded the consulting agency www.bio4business.eu in Stuttgart, followed in 2015 by the Steinbeis Consulting Agency www.asia-tech.eu.
 
Dr. Claudia Schmidt-Dannert is Distinguished McKnight Professor in the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, at the University of Minnesota (USA). She studied Biology and Biochemistry at the Carolo Wilhelmina University Braunschweig (Germany), where she received her Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1994. Schmidt-Dannert held a Postdoc position in Molecular Biotechnology at the University of Stuttgart (Germany) and became Professor at the University of Minnesota in 2010. Her research focuses on exploring and utilizing the metabolic machineries of plants and microorganisms to enable the discovery and synthesis of valuable microbial or plant-derived compounds in engineered microbial cells.