Sercarz / Williamson / Fox The Immune System

Genes, Receptors, Signals
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7740-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 646 Seiten, Web PDF

The Immune System: Genes Receptors, Signals provides information pertinent to the complexity of immune mechanisms. This book describes the immune response genes and products, which point to another multigene system controlling immune responsiveness. Organized into 37 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the details of antibody structure that continue to be of importance to an understanding of the regulation of the immune reactions. This text then examines the evidence that individual antibody species are capable of binding many structurally dissimilar haptens. Other chapters consider the conceptual framework generally accepted by immunologists, which states that antibodies are specific for the antigen used to elicit the immune response. This book discusses as well the mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of antibody binding sites, which is unprecedented in its adaptability. The final chapter deals with the genetic controls of specific immune responses. This book is a valuable resource for immunologists and research workers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sercarz, Eli E.

Williamson, Alan R.

Fox, C. Fred

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Immune System Genes, Receptors, Signals;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;10
6;Preface;18
7;Acknowledgments;25
8;CHAPTER 1. ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE;26
8.1;Role of antibodies in immune reactions;26
8.2;Antibody structure in relation to recognition function;28
8.3;Antibody structure in relation to response function;29
8.4;The IgE System: A model system for antibody mediated responses;29
8.5;REFERENCES;31
9;CHAPTER 2. THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ANTIGEN BINDING SITE OF McPC 603 PROTEIN;32
9.1;INTRODUCTION;32
9.2;RESULTS;33
9.3;DISCUSSION;38
9.4;REFERENCES;38
10;CHAPTER 3. KINETIC MAPPING OF ANTIBODY BINDING SITES;40
10.1;INTRODUCTION;41
10.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;44
10.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;45
10.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;56
10.5;REFERENCES;59
11;CHAPTER 4. MULTISPECIFICITY OF THE ANTIBODY COMBINING REGION AND ANTIBODY DIVERSITY;62
11.1;INTRODUCTION;62
11.2;MULTISPECIFICITY;63
11.3;PROBABILITY MODEL FOR SEROLOGICAL SPECIFICITY;65
11.4;NATURAL ANTIBODIES AND ANTIBODY DIVERSITY;73
11.5;CONCLUDING REMARKS;75
11.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;75
11.7;REFERENCES;75
12;CHAPTER 5. POLYFUNCTIONAL ANTIBODY COMBINING REGIONS;78
12.1;INTRODUCTION;78
12.2;REFERENCES;91
13;CHAPTER 6. A STUDY OF V REGION GENES USING ALLOTYPIC AND IDIOTYPIC MARKERS;94
13.1;ABSTRACT;94
13.2;INTRODUCTION;94
13.3;RESULTS;100
13.4;DISCUSSION;109
13.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;111
13.6;REFERENCES;111
14;CHAPTER 7. FIRST ORDER CONSIDERATIONS IN ANALYZING THE GENERATOR OF DIVERSITY;114
14.1;I. THE HYPOTHESIS;114
14.2;II. FRAMEWORK AND COMPLEMENTARITY-DETERMINING RESIDUES;115
14.3;III. PATTERN OF VARIATION OF A SINGLE GERM-LINE V-GENE;115
14.4;IV. ESTIMATE OF TOTAL NUMBER OF GERM-LINE VL-GENES;117
14.5;IV. ANTIBODY SPECIFICITIES CODED BY GERM-LINE V-GENES;125
14.6;V. SOME CONSEQUENCES OF THIS MODEL OF THE GERM-LINE V-GENE PROPERTIES;129
14.7;VI. THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SEQUENCE;131
14.8;FOOTNOTES;132
14.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;140
14.10;REFERENCES;140
15;CHAPTER 8. ANTIBODY DIVERSITY: AN ASSESSMENT;144
15.1;INTRODUCTION;144
15.2;I. SELECTION LIMITS THE VARIABLE REGIONS EXPRESSED IN THE MYELOMA AND NORMAL POOLS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS;144
15.3;II. MOST ANTIBODY FAMILIES HAVE MULTIPLE VARIABLE GENES IN THE GERM LINE;148
15.4;III. HYPERVARIABLE REGION PATTERNS ARE PREDICTED BY A GERM LINE THEORY;158
15.5;IV. NEW AND UNEXPECTED AMINO ACID SEQUENCE PATTERNS SUGGEST THAT MANY MYSTERIES OF ANTIBODY GENETICS, EVOLUTION AND CONTROL REMAIN YET TO BE UNRAVELED;160
15.6;V. ONE OF THE FRONTIERS IN MODERN GENETICS IS THE STUDY OF MULTIGENE SYSTEMS;162
15.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;163
15.8;REFERENCES;163
16;CHAPTER 9. MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF LYMPHOCYTE SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULIN;166
16.1;INTRODUCTION;167
16.2;A BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH TO THE LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR PROBLEM;168
16.3;DISCUSSION;191
16.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;193
16.5;REFERENCES;194
17;CHAPTER 10. ALLOANTISERUM INDUCED BLOCKADE OF IR GENE PRODUCT FUNCTION;200
17.1;INTRODUCTION;200
17.2;REFERENCES;214
18;CHAPTER 11. FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF la (IMMUNE RESPONSE REGION ASSOCIATED) ANTIGEN MOLECULES;216
18.1;INTRODUCTION;216
18.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;218
18.3;RESULTS;219
18.4;DISCUSSION;222
18.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;224
18.6;REFERENCES;224
19;CHAPTER 12. RECEPTORS FOR ANTIGEN ON "B, T, B-T AND NUL" LYMPHOCYTES IN NORMAL AND "NUDE" MICE;226
19.1;ABSTRACT;226
19.2;INTRODUCTION;226
19.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;227
19.4;RESULTS;228
19.5;DISCUSSION;229
19.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;234
19.7;REFERENCES;234
20;CHAPTER 13. CYTOPHILIC PROPERTIES OF T LYMPHOCYTE MEMBRANE ASSOCIATED IMMUNOGLOBULINS;242
20.1;INTRODUCTION;242
20.2;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;243
20.3;DISCUSSION;249
20.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;255
20.5;REFERENCES;255
21;CHAPTER 14. IN-VITRO BIOSYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR ARRANGEMENT OF SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBUL IN OF MOUSE THYMUS CELLS;258
21.1;INTRODUCTION;258
21.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;259
21.3;RESULTS;260
21.4;DISCUSSION;269
21.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;270
21.6;REFERENCES;271
22;CHAPTER 15. THE LYMPHOCYTE PLASMA MEMBRANE;272
22.1;INTRODUCTION;272
22.2;THE ORGANISATION OF THE LYMPHOCYTE PLASMA MEMBRANE;273
22.3;RELATIONSHIP OF SURFACE RECEPTORS AND ANTIGENS TO INTRAMEMBRANOUS PARTICLES;275
22.4;INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MEMBRANE MOLECULES AND CYTOPLASMIC COMPONENTS;277
22.5;FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF A FLUID PLASMA MEMBRANE;279
22.6;REFERENCES;280
23;CHAPTER 16. PROBING LYMPHOCYTE MEMBRANE ORGANIZATION;284
23.1;INTRODUCTION;284
23.2;I. SURFACE MOBILITY AND IMP OF LYMPHOCYTES;285
23.3;II. SIMULTANEOUS LABELING OF DIFFERENT CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS FOR FLUORESCENCE AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;290
23.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;293
23.5;REFERENCES;294
24;CHAPTER 17. POLYCLONAL MITOGENS AND THE NATURE OF B LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION MECHANISMS;296
24.1;INTRODUCTION;296
24.2;METHODS;298
24.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;298
24.4;REFERENCES;318
25;CHAPTER 18. THE ORGANIZATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES;324
25.1;INTRODUCTION;325
25.2;THE EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH;327
25.3;PURIFICATION OF MOPC-41 LIGHT CHAIN mRNA;327
25.4;SYNTHESIS OF DNA COMPLIMENTARY TO MOPC-41 mRNA;329
25.5;GENETIC REPRESENTATION OF THE KAPPA CONSTANT REGION SEQUENCE;332
25.6;GENETIC REPRESENTATION OF THE VARIABLE SEQUENCE;335
25.7;CONCLUSIONS;340
25.8;REFERENCES;341
25.9;REFERENCES;341
26;CHAPTER 19. QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF THE mRNA FOR H-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULIN;344
26.1;INTRODUCTION;344
26.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;345
26.3;QUANTITATION OF H-CHAIN mRNA;353
26.4;KINETICS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-H-CHAIN mRNA BINDING;356
26.5;REFERENCES;362
27;CHAPTER 20. MUTATIONS IN MOUSE MYELOMA CELLS;364
27.1;INTRODUCTION;364
27.2;ISOLATION OF VARIANTS;365
27.3;SHORT-CHAIN VARIANTS;366
27.4;VARIANTS OF THE 2a SEROTYPE;368
27.5;RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIANTS;372
27.6;STRUCTURAL STUDIES;373
27.7;DISCUSSION;374
27.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;375
27.9;REFERENCES;375
28;CHAPTER 21. SPONTANEOUS MUTATION IN IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES;378
28.1;INTRODUCTION;378
28.2;METHODS;378
28.3;DISCUSSION;379
28.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;380
28.5;REFERENCES;380
29;CHAPTER 22. BIOGRAPHY OF THE B CELL;382
29.1;INTRODUCTION;382
29.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;384
29.3;REFERENCES;390
30;CHAPTER 23. THE GENERATION OF DIVERSITY WITHIN SINGLE CLONES OF ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS;392
30.1;INTRODUCTION;392
30.2;METHODS;395
30.3;RESULTS;399
30.4;DISCUSSION;408
30.5;REFERENCES;410
31;CHAPTER 24. B MEMORY CELLS IN THE PROPOGATION OF STABLE CLONES OF ANTIBODY FORMING CELLS;412
31.1;INTRODUCTION;412
31.2;DEVELOPMENT OF CLONAL MEMORY IN A PRIMARY RESPONSE;414
31.3;REGENERATION OF B-MEMORY CELLS IN CLONAL PROPAGATION;422
31.4;DISCUSSION;425
31.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;429
31.6;REFERENCES;430
32;CHAPTER 25. ANTIGEN DEPENDANCE OF CLONAL MEMORY;432
32.1;INTRODUCTION;432
32.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;432
32.3;RESULTS;433
32.4;DISCUSSION;436
32.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;438
32.6;REFERENCES;438
33;CHAPTER 26. REGULATION OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE BY THYMIC-DERIVED CELLS;440
33.1;INTRODUCTION;440
33.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;441
33.3;RESULTS;442
33.4;DISCUSSION;447
33.5;REFERENCES;453
34;CHAPTER 27. THYMOCYTE SUBPOPULATION WITH SUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY;456
34.1;INTRODUCTION;456
34.2;COMPARISON OF THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF THYMUS CELLS WITH THE SUPPRESSION BY NEONATAL APPLICATION OF ANTIGEN;457
34.3;CHARACTERIZATION OF THE "SUPPRESSOR CELL";463
34.4;REFERENCES;469
35;CHAPTER 28. SUPPRESSOR T CELLS IN LOW ZONE TOLERANCE;472
35.1;References;478
36;CHAPTER 29. ANTIBODY INDUCED SUPPRESSOR T-CELLS;480
36.1;REFERENCES;493
37;CHAPTER 30. T CELL REGULATION: THE "SECOND LAW OF THYMODYNAMICS";496
37.1;INTRODUCTION;496
37.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;497
37.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;508
37.4;REFERENCES;509
38;CHAPTER 31. T CELL FACTORS IN THE REGULATION OF THE B CELL RESPONSE;510
38.1;INTRODUCTION;510
38.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;512
38.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;520
38.4;REFERENCES;520
39;CHAPTER 32. ANTIGEN SPECIFIC T CELL FACTORS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF T-B INTERACTION;522
39.1;INTRODUCTION;523
39.2;METHODS;523
39.3;SPECIFIC COOPERATION MEDIATED BY SUBCELLULAR SUPERNATANTS OF ACTIVATED T CELLS;523
39.4;REGULATION OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE BY T CELL SUPERNATANTS;525
39.5;CELLULAR SOURCE OF IgT;526
39.6;AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF CELL COOPERATION AND ITS REGULATION;527
39.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;530
39.8;REFERENCES;530
40;CHAPTER 33. THE NATURE OF THE SIGNALS REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS;536
40.1;INTRODUCTION;536
40.2;EFFECT OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES ON PRECURSOR CELL ACTIVITY;538
40.3;EFFECT OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES ON BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ACTIVITY;546
40.4;ALLOGENEIC SUPERNATANT FACTORS;551
40.5;CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES AS MEDIATORS OF PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION;551
40.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;556
40.7;REFERENCES;556
41;CHAPTER 34. IDIOTYPIC RECEPTORS FOR ALLOANTIGEN ON T CELLS;558
41.1;INTRODUCTION;558
41.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;560
41.3;RESULTS;560
41.4;DISCUSSION;572
41.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;574
41.6;References;575
42;CHAPTER 35. MANIPULATION OF A TOLERANT STATE: CELLS AND SIGNALS;578
42.1;INTRODUCTION;578
42.2;METHODS;579
42.3;RESULTS;579
42.4;DISCUSSION;588
42.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;590
42.6;REFERENCES;591
43;CHAPTER 36. THE ROLE OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY GENE PRODUCTS IN COOPERATIVE CELL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN T AND B LYMPHOCYTES;594
43.1;INTRODUCTION;594
43.2;GENETIC RESTRICTIONS OF T-B CELL INTERACTIONS;595
43.3;BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A T CELL PRODUCT ACTIVE IN TRIGGERING B LYMPHOCYTES;606
43.4;ELICITATION OF ANTI-HAPTEN ANTIBODY RESPONSES BY NON-LINKED HAPTEN AND CARRIER DETERMINANTS;611
43.5;HYPOTHETICAL SCHEME OF T-B CELL INTERACTIONS;616
43.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;618
43.7;REFERENCES;618
44;CHAPTER 37. Ir GENES AND ANTIGEN RECOGNITION;622
44.1;INTRODUCTION;622
44.2;THE ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONDING CELL TYPE IN TETRAPARENTAL CHIMERIC MICE;623
44.3;ANTIGEN BINDING B AND T CELLS IN HIGH AND LOW RESPONDER MICE;628
44.4;THE USE OF IN VITRO LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION FOR THE STUDY OF Ir-1 REGULATED IMMUNE REACTIONS;633
44.5;ANTIGENS CONTROLLED BY THE I REGION OF THE MOUSE H-2 COMPLEX;637
44.6;ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF la ANTIGENS;639
44.7;MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ANTIGENS ON T AND B LYMPHOCYTES CONTROLLED BY THE I REGION OF THE H-2 COMPLEX;646
44.8;DISCUSSION;651
44.9;REFERENCES;655