Shapley / Laursen / Mieghem Symposia at the Fifth Meeting of CSAGI

Annals of The International Geophysical Year, Vol. 11
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-2630-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 458 Seiten, Web PDF

Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Volume XI: Symposia at the Fifth Meeting of CSAGI covers the proceedings of the Fifth Meeting of CSAGI held in Moscow on July 30-August 8, 1958. This meeting discusses the practical details of the mechanics and techniques of data collection and utilization, and later held symposia at which the first results of the IGY were presented. This text presents the results of various scientific activities during the IGY, including numerical forecasting, meteorology, geomagnetism, ionosphere, aurora, airglow, solar activity, cosmic rays, glaciology, oceanography, rockets, satellites, seismology, gravimetry, and nuclear radiation. This book will be of value to geophysicists, historians, and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Shapley, A. H.

Laursen, V.

Mieghem, J. Van

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Symposia at the Fifth Meeting of Csagi;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;CHAPTER I. SYMPOSIA AT THE FIFTH MEETING OF CSAGI;10
6;CHAPTER II. METEOEOLOGY;12
6.1;A. Symposium on Noctilucent Clouds;12
6.1.1;1. Noctilucent Clouds;13
6.1.2;2. Some Remarks on the Nature and Origin of Noctilucent Cloud Particles;15
6.1.3;3. Nature and Origin of Noctilucent Clouds;22
6.1.4;4. On the Nature of Luminous Night Clouds;24
6.1.5;5. The Frequency of Appearance of Luminous Night Clouds as Observed at the IGY Stations in the U.S.S.R.;27
6.1.6;6. Wave Motion and Meteorological Conditions for the Appearance of Noctilucent Clouds;29
6.2;B. Symposium on Numerical Forecasting;31
6.2.1;1. Numerical Weather Forecasting in the British Meteorological Office;32
6.2.2;2. Some Recent U.S. Work on Numerical Methods of Weather Prediction;34
6.2.3;3. Etat des Projets de Prévision Numérique en France;35
6.2.4;4. A Note on General Classification of Motions in a Baroclinic Atmosphere;36
6.2.5;5. The Two-dimensional Smoothing Problem;36
6.2.6;6. General Solution of the Wave Equation;37
6.2.7;7. Short-Range Weather Forecasting in Non-Adiabatic Cases;39
6.2.8;8. A Numerical Experiment with the Use of Primitive Equations;40
6.2.9;9. On the Proper Formulation of a Model for Forecasting Global Scales of Motion in the Atmosphere;41
6.2.10;10. On the Numerical Solution of the Equations of the Dynamics of the Atmosphere;41
6.2.11;11. On the Development of Numerical Short-Term Forecasting on a Physical Basis;42
6.3;C. Symposium of Meteorology in the Antarctic;44
6.3.1;1. Some Problems Associated with the Synoptic Meteorology of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica;45
6.3.2;2. Seasonal and Secular Temperature Changes in Antarctica;46
6.3.3;3. The Special Features of the Atmospheric Circulation over the Antarctic and their Relationship with the Processes over the Southern Hemisphere;47
7;CHAPTER III. GEOMAGNETISM AND IONOSPHERE;50
7.1;Symposium on Geomagnetic and Ionospheric Disturbances;50
7.1.1;1. The Earth's Outermost Atmosphere;51
7.1.2;2. On the Problems Connected with Comparing Magnetic Disturbances of the Arctic and the Antarctic;52
7.1.3;3. On the Distribution of Periods of Activity of Magnetic Disturbances over the 24 hours of the Day;55
7.1.4;4. Geomagnetic Activity in the International Geophysical Year, discussed against the Background of Previous Years;57
7.1.5;5. Preliminary Results of an Investigation of Magnetic Storms for the First Half of the IGY;67
7.1.6;6. The Field of Magnetic Disturbances in the Arctic and Antarctic;69
7.1.7;7. On Some Special Gases of Magnetic Storms Recorded at the Polish–Vietnamese station at Cha-Pa;70
7.1.8;8. The Microstructure of the Magnetic Storms in Respect of Pulsations for the First Eight Months of the IGY;71
7.1.9;9. A Relation between the Frequency of the Sporadic E-Layer and the Geomagnetic Activity;77
7.1.10;10. Magnetic and Ionospheric Disturbances in Low Latitudes;77
7.1.11;11. On Ionospheric Disturbances in Middle Latitudes;91
7.1.12;12. Relation of Ionospheric and Magnetic Disturbances in High Latitudes from Data Obtained in Murmansk;104
7.1.13;13. On some Types of Pulsations of the Geomagnetic Field and Earth's Currents Occurring Simultaneously on the U.S.S.R. Territory;105
7.1.14;14. Excitation of Short-Periodic Oscillations of the Earth's Magnetic Field During the Sudden Commencement of Magnetic Storms;107
7.1.15;15. On Some Peculiarities of the Variable Geomagnetic Field in the Region of the South Pole Observatory Mirny;113
7.1.16;16. Scintillations of Radio Stars and Magnetic Activity in Ghana;115
7.1.17;17. On the Behaviour of the Ionosphere During Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances;118
7.1.18;18. Calendar of Geomagnetic Activity in the U.S.S.R.;118
7.1.19;19. Auroral Particles and Geomagnetic Pulsations;120
7.1.20;20. Disturbances in the Ionospheric F2-Region during Geomagnetic Storms;121
7.1.21;21. Geomagnetic Pulsations in the Initial Stage of the Severe Magnetic Storm on 11 February 1958;121
7.1.22;22. Auroral Echoes in the Ionograms Obtained in the Minauroral Region
;124
8;CHAPTER IV. AURORA AND AIRGLOW;125
8.1;1. The Aurora and The Local Magnetic Field;125
8.2;2. The Airglow of Venus;131
8.3;3. On Hydrogen Emission in the Night Glow;131
8.4;4. Energy Sources of the Upper Atmosphere;131
8.5;5. Hydrogen Emission and Two Types of Auroral Spectra;132
8.6;6. Preliminary Report on Airglow Observations at 5577 A made at Mt. Abu in 1957–1958;132
8.7;7. Aurora and Airglow Observations in Japan on 11 February 1958;136
8.8;8. On Radio Reflections from the E- and D-levels during Auroral Activity;136
8.9;9. Synchronous Auroral Registration by All-Sky Camera C-180° and Patrol Spectrograph C-180°-S;142
8.10;10. The First Results of Investigations of Aurorae with the C-180-S Spectrograph during the IGY;153
8.11;11. Association of Auroras in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres;154
8.12;12. Recherches sur la Raie 6 300 de la Luminescence atmosphérique nocturne;155
8.13;13. On the Problem of Geographical Distribution of Polar Aurora in the Arctic;156
8.14;1. Note sur la Raie crépusculaire 6708 Å du Lithium en Terre Adélie;156
8.15;2. Aurores polaires et Phénomènes crépusculaires observés en Radiation 3914 Å dans 1'Antarctique;157
8.16;3. Emissions de la Haute atmosphere pendant le Crépuscule;158
8.17;4. Résultats préliminaires de l'Etude photométrique de la Lumière du Ciel nocturne par les Stations francaises et belges pendant l'A.G.I.;158
8.18;5. Observation de la Raie 5199 A de [NI] dans le Spectre du Ciel nocturne;162
8.19;6. Résultats préliminaires sur le Rapport des Intensités des Raies D2 et D1 émises dans la Haute atmosphère au Crépuscule et pendant la Nuit;163
8.20;7. A Preliminary Note on the Study of Night Airglow at Poona during the IGY;167
8.21;8. Latitude Dependency of Airglow Emissions 5577 and 6300 A;170
8.22;9. The General Circulation of the Upper Atmosphere and the Seasonal Variation of Airglow;171
8.23;10. A Monochromatic Low Latitude Aurora;171
8.24;11. Photometric Observations of 5577 A and 6300 A Airglow during the IGY;171
8.25;References;176
9;CHAPTER V. IONOSPHERE;177
9.1;1. Preliminary Results of Investigations of the Irregular Structure of the Ionosphere and of Movements made at the Stations of the Soviet Union during the period of the IGY (June 1957-July 1958);177
9.2;2. Formations des .étérogénéités Ionosphériques;190
9.3;3. The Distribution of True Radiants of Meteor Bodies Down to a Definite Limit of Mass;196
9.4;4. Radar Observation of Meteors in the USSR under the IGY Programme;202
9.5;5. On Long-Period Troposphere–Ionosphere Regional Connections and their Synoptical Revelation;215
9.6;6. Early Results from the Equatorial Close-Spaced Chain of Ionospheric Vertical Sounding Stations;222
9.7;7. Preliminary Results from the U.S.–IGY Antarctic Network of Ionospheric Vertical Sounding Stations;229
9.8;8. Isoionic Maps over the Continental United States;235
9.9;9. The Formation of an Intermediate Layer between E and F during Night-Time at Tsumeb;245
9.10;10. Electron Density–Height Profiles from Routine Ionograms;248
9.11;11. Ionospheric Drifts at Low Frequencies;254
9.12;12. Note on Some Preliminary Results of Ionospheric Drift Measurements on 245 kc/s at the Kuhlingsborn Observatory;261
9.13;13. Note on Significant SID-Recordings at Low Frequencies (150 to 300 kc/s) over Great Distances;261
9.14;14. The Morphology of Spread-F;262
9.15;15. Horizontal Drift Measurements Near the Equator;266
9.16;16. Quelques problèmes de l'hétérogenéité statistique de I'ionosphere;272
9.17;17. Artificial Meteors into Interplanetary Space?;274
9.18;References;276
10;CHAPTER VI —SOLAR ACTIVITY;277
10.1;1. Changes in the Sun's Magnetic Field;277
10.2;2. An Instrument for Studying Distribution of Fields in Sunspot Groups;277
10.3;3. A Summary of IGY Flare Patrol Stations Operating in the United States;277
10.4;4. Opacity of Small Flares;278
10.5;5. Observations of the Solar Electron Corona, September 1956-January 1958;278
10.6;6. An Electron Puff Detected by the K-Coronameter;279
10.7;7. The Investigations of Solar Magnetic Fields Carried out at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory;279
10.8;8. The Flare Patrol in the USSR with Chromospheric-Photospheric Telescopes;280
10.9;9. The Photometric Light Curves of Flares Observed in 1957;280
10.10;10. Measurements of Magnetic Fields of Sunspots at the Pulkovo Observatory;281
10.11;11. Discussion of the Methods and Technique of Non-Eclipse Coronal Observations;281
10.12;12. Observations in the USSR on the Radio-Emission of the Sun During the IGY;283
10.13;13. An Improved Method for measuring Sunspot Magnetic Fields with a Savart Plate;284
10.14;14. Methods Experienced in the Visual and Photographic Flare Patrol;285
10.15;15. Solar Activity as judged from Surges;285
10.16;16. Coronagraphic Observations of Prominences in the Balmer Continuum;285
10.17;17. The Lyot Ha Heliograph at the Cape and its use for Flare Photometry;285
10.18;18. Rocket Experiments to Detect X-Rays and Lyman-a from Sola;286
10.19;19. Japanese Contribution to the IGY in Solar Activity;286
10.20;20. Solar Radio Observations During the Past IGY Period;287
10.21;21. Characteristics of Solar Radio Outbursts which Excite Geomagnetic Storms;287
10.22;22. Spectra of Solar Radio Outbursts in Relation to Geophysical Disturbances;287
10.23;23. Radio Observation of the Partial Solar Eclipse on 19 April 1958;287
11;CHAPTER VII — COSMIC RAYS;288
11.1;5. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Cosmic Ray Variationsusing IGY Underground, Sea Level and Stratospheric Data;289
11.2;Acknowledgements;298
11.3;References;299
12;CHAPTER VIII — LONGITUDES AND LATITUDES;300
13;CHAPTER IX — GLACIOLOGY;301
13.1;1. Deep Drilling Project in Antarctica;301
13.2;2. Arctic Ocean;302
13.3;3. Geothermal Heat and Glacial Growth;302
13.4;4. Soviet Glaciological Explorations in the Antarctic Regions;302
13.5;5. Problems of the Greenland Ice-Sheet;309
14;CHAPTER X — OCEANOGRAPHY;311
14.1;1. Certain Aspects of Ocean Depths Studies;312
14.2;2. The Measurement of Deep Currents;317
14.3;3. Outstanding Problems in the Antarctic Ocean;318
14.4;4. IGY Cruise of the Hidalgo;319
14.5;5. The U.S. Navy IGY Antarctic Program in Oceanography;319
14.6;6. The Distribution of Man-Made Radioactivity in the North Pacific (Through the Summer 1955);319
14.7;7. Voyage to the South Atlantic and the Indian Ocean;320
14.8;8. Methods of Investigation of Oceans in the USSR;320
14.9;9. Oceanographic Research in the Central Arctic;325
14.10;10. Direct Method of Determining Turbulent Exchange Intensity in the Sea;327
14.11;11. Some Results and Methods of Investigation of Sea Wind Waves;333
15;CHAPTER XI. —ROCKETS AND SATELLITES;374
16;CHAPTER XII — SEISMOLOGY;375
16.1;1. Distribution of Seismic Stations;376
16.2;2. On Near-By Earthquakes Recorded at Sodankylä;378
16.3;3. The Land Uplift in Fennoscandia;380
16.4;3. The Land Uplift in Fennoscandia;380
16.5;4. The IGY Seismic Research of the USSR;384
16.6;5. Seismicity of the Arctic Region;384
16.7;7. Australian Seismic Work in the Antarctic;403
16.8;8. Dotermination de l'epaisseur de glace en Terre Adolie;404
16.9;9. On Some Preliminary Results of Seismo-Glaciological Investigations on the Antarctic Continent;408
16.10;10. Thickness of the Earth's Crust in Australia;414
16.11;11. Investigation of the Crustal Structure in the Zone of Transition from the Asiatic Continent to the Pacific Ocean;415
16.12;12. The Dislocation Processes in the Pacific Ocean;420
16.13;13. The IGY Seismological Programme in Czechoslovakia;423
16.14;14. Interet des observations macroseismiques;426
16.15;15. The Conditions of the Origin and Propagation of North Atlantic Microseisms;427
16.16;16. The Influence of the Scandinavian Relief on the Propagation of Microseisms;448
16.17;17. Communication on Microseism Investigations;453
17;CHAPTER XIII. GRAVIMETRY;454
18;CHAPTER XIV — NUCLEAR RADIATION;455
18.1;1. Some Uses of Artificial and Natural Radioactive Material in Meteorology;455
18.2;2. Sr-90 Fallout in Japan;455
18.3;3. On the Use of Tritium as a Tracer for Water in Naturef;455
18.4;4. Time Variation of Radioactivity Observed in Japan;456
18.5;5. Presumptive Movement of Radioactive Dust from Air Trajectory Japan Meteorological Agency;457
18.6;6. A Study of Large-Scale Atmospheric Diffusion from the Windscale Accident, October 1957;458