Shibli Coal Power Plant Materials and Life Assessment

Developments and Applications
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-0-85709-732-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 420 Seiten

Reihe: Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy

Due to their continuing role in electricity generation, it is important that coal power plants operate as efficiently and cleanly as possible. Coal Power Plant Materials and Life Assessment reviews the materials used in coal plants, and how they can be assessed and managed to optimize plant operation. PartÿI considers the structural alloys used in coal plants. PartÿII then reviews performance modelling and life assessment techniques, explains the inspection and life-management approaches that can be adopted to optimize long term plant operation, and considers the technical and economic issues involved in meeting variable energy demands. - Summarizes key research on coal-fired power plant materials, their behavior under operational loads, and approaches to life assessment and defect management - Details the range of structural alloys used in coal power plants, and the life assessment techniques applicable to defect-free components under operational loads - Reviews the life assessment techniques applicable to components containing defects and the approaches that can be adopted to optimize plant operation and new plant and component design

Autoren/Hrsg.

Shibli, A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover
;1
2;Coal Power Plant Materials and Life Assessment: Developments and Applications;4
3;Copyright
;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributor contact details;12
6;Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy;16
7;Part I:
Materials for coal power plant construction;20
7.1;1:
Grade 91 heatresistant martensitic steel;22
7.1.1;1.1 Introduction;22
7.1.2;1.2 Chemical compositions, heat treatments and microstructure;23
7.1.3;1.3 Estimation of longterm creep strength;32
7.1.4;1.4 Microstructure evolution;50
7.1.5;1.5 Degradation in welded joints: type IV fracture;57
7.1.6;1.6 Creep–fatigue properties;61
7.1.7;1.7 Steam oxidation and exfoliation of oxide scale;61
7.1.8;1.8 Sources of further information and advice;64
7.1.9;1.9 References;65
7.2;2:
Grade 92 creepstrength-enhanced ferritic steel;71
7.2.1;2.1 Introduction;71
7.2.2;2.2 Chemical composition and alloy design of Grade 92 steel;72
7.2.3;2.3 The manufacturing process and microstructure;76
7.2.4;2.4 Physical properties;77
7.2.5;2.5 Other mechanical properties of Grade 92 steel;80
7.2.6;2.6 Creep rupture and strain properties;84
7.2.7;2.7 Optimizing the chemical composition for creep rupture strength of Grade 92 steel;89
7.2.8;2.8 Equilibrium phase diagram of Grade 92 steel;101
7.2.9;2.9 Continuous cooling rate transformation diagram (CCT diagram);102
7.2.10;2.10 Field test record;102
7.2.11;2.11 Production records;103
7.2.12;2.12 References;104
7.3;3:
T23 and T24 – new generation low alloyed steels;106
7.3.1;3.1 Introduction;106
7.3.2;3.2 Developments in low alloy steels;106
7.3.3;3.3 The metallurgy of low alloy steels;109
7.3.4;3.4 Welding and weld performance;113
7.3.5;3.5 Service and lifetime properties;120
7.3.6;3.6 Fabrication issues;121
7.3.7;3.7 Conclusion;123
7.3.8;3.8 References;124
7.4;4:
Traditional low alloy steels in power plant design;126
7.4.1;4.1 Introduction;126
7.4.2;4.2 Metallurgy of low alloy creepresisting steels;127
7.4.3;4.3 Low alloy steels used for other components;133
7.4.4;4.4 History of the use of low alloy steels;135
7.4.5;4.5 Properties of low alloy steels;138
7.4.6;4.6 Design stress values for low alloy steels;141
7.4.7;4.7 Hightemperature properties of welds;142
7.4.8;4.8 Conclusion;143
7.4.9;4.9 References;143
7.5;5:
Creep strength of austenitic stainless steels for boiler applications;146
7.5.1;5.1 Introduction;146
7.5.2;5.2 Creep strength;147
7.5.3;5.3 Modelling of creep strength;154
7.5.4;5.4 Conclusion;161
7.5.5;5.5 References;162
7.6;6:
Nickelbase alloys for advanced power plant components;166
7.6.1;6.1 Introduction;166
7.6.2;6.2 Development of nickelbase alloys;167
7.6.3;6.3 Critical components;169
7.6.4;6.4 Materials testing programmes;170
7.6.5;6.5 Candidate alloys;173
7.6.6;6.6 Properties of the candidate alloys;179
7.6.7;6.7 Conclusion and future trends;184
7.6.8;6.8 References;184
8;Part II:
Performance assessment of coal power plants;188
8.1;7:
Inservice loading data and life assessment procedures in coal power plants;190
8.1.1;7.1 Introduction;190
8.1.2;7.2 Data collection;192
8.1.3;7.3 Fundamental techniques and data collation;204
8.1.4;7.4 Data analysis and life assessment;207
8.1.5;7.5 Modelling performance and life assessment;211
8.1.6;7.6 Application towards improving service life;212
8.1.7;7.7 Advantages and limitations of approaches;214
8.1.8;7.8 Emerging trends;214
8.1.9;7.9 References;216
8.2;8:
Residual life evaluation techniques, defect assessment procedures and monitoring in coal power plants;218
8.2.1;8.1 Introduction;218
8.2.2;8.2 Residual life evaluation techniques;221
8.2.3;8.3 Defect assessment procedures;233
8.2.4;8.4 Monitoring;238
8.2.5;8.5 Future trends;240
8.2.6;8.6 Sources of further information and advice;246
8.2.7;8.7 References;246
8.3;9:
Fracture mechanics and testing for crack initiation and growth assessment in coal power plants;248
8.3.1;9.1 Introduction;248
8.3.2;9.2 Experimental determination of hightemperature crack initiation and growth;249
8.3.3;9.3 Analysis of crack data;258
8.3.4;9.4 Crack initiation;261
8.3.5;9.5 Crack growth;270
8.3.6;9.6 Conclusion;279
8.3.7;9.7 References;280
8.3.8;9.8 Appendix: nomenclature;283
8.4;10:
Riskbased inspection and life management in boilers in coal power plants;284
8.4.1;10.1 Introduction;284
8.4.2;10.2 Fundamentals of riskbased life management of boilers;286
8.4.3;10.3 Example of a maintenance strategy for a tube bank;292
8.4.4;10.4 Example of problems with repeated measurements;296
8.4.5;10.5 Management of creepaffected components;298
8.4.6;10.6 Management of creep cracks;300
8.4.7;10.7 References;302
8.4.8;10.8 Appendix 1: a background to risk;303
8.4.9;10.9 Appendix 2: riskbased inspection (RBI);304
8.5;11:
Practical determination of probability of failure in riskbased inspection and life management of coal power plants;307
8.5.1;11.1 Introduction;307
8.5.2;11.2 Basic principles and requirements for Risk-based Inspection (RBI) in CWA 15740:2008;309
8.5.3;11.3 Risk-based Inspection and Maintenance Procedures for European Industry (RIMAP) procedure;312
8.5.4;11.4 Requirements for Probability of Failure (PoF) analysis;315
8.5.5;11.5 PoF and damage/failure rates data;317
8.5.6;11.6 RIMAP method for determination of PoF;318
8.5.7;11.7 Practical application of the approach;325
8.5.8;11.8 Conclusion;333
8.5.9;11.9 References;334
8.6;12: Preservation of power plant boilers/heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) during shortand longterm shutdowns
;337
8.6.1;12.1 Introduction;337
8.6.2;12.2 Layup monitoring and maintenance;340
8.6.3;12.3 Dry storage;344
8.6.4;12.4 Wet storage;346
8.6.5;12.5 Water treatment plant and cooling water systems;349
8.6.6;12.6 Other parts of power plants/combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs);351
8.6.7;12.7 Conclusion;351
8.6.8;12.8 Sources of further information and advice;351
8.6.9;12.9 Reference;351
8.7;13:
Damage to coal power plants due to cyclic operation;352
8.7.1;13.1 Introduction;352
8.7.2;13.2 UK experience with twoshifting;353
8.7.3;13.3 Commercial reasons for cyclic operation/ twoshifting;355
8.7.4;13.4 Failure mechanisms and implications for key components;357
8.7.5;13.5 Miscellaneous issues;373
8.7.6;13.6 Conclusion;376
8.7.7;13.7 References;376
8.8;14:
Cost modelling of coal power plant startup in cyclical operation;377
8.8.1;14.1 Introduction;377
8.8.2;14.2 Historical background;378
8.8.3;14.3 Componentlevel engineering studies;380
8.8.4;14.4 Plantand unitlevel studies;384
8.8.5;14.5 Statistical studies;386
8.8.6;14.6 Cost of cycling estimates;389
8.8.7;14.7 The Irish single electricity market study;393
8.8.8;14.8 Conclusion;404
8.8.9;14.9 References;405
9;Index;408

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