Spier / Griffiths Modern Approaches to Animal Cell Technology

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-4509-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 846 Seiten, Web PDF

Modern Approaches to Animal Cell Technology is a collection of papers presented at the 1987 joint European Society for Animal Cell Technology-OHOLO conference held in Tiberias, Israel. Contributors explore modern approaches to animal cell technology and discuss the construction of the animal cell substrate, the physiology of those cells in a bioreactor type of environment, and the ways in which different products can be made from animal cells in culture and tested. This book is comprised of 59 chapters divided into nine sections and begins by outlining the history of issues and decisions that were made regarding the acceptability of various cell substrates, along with the use of continuous cell lines in biotechnology. The next chapter explores the feasibility, reproducibility, and the sensitivity of the dot-blot filter hybridization test to detect minute amounts of residual cellular DNA. The reader is then introduced to cells and cell lines such as monoclonal antibodies; cell growth and development; physiology of cells; and the use of bioreactors for culturing animal cells. Downstream unit processes, vaccines, immune system products, and toxicity testing with animal cells are also considered. This monograph will be a valuable resource for animal-cell technologists, biotechnologists, and microbiologists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Spier, R. E.

Griffiths, J. B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Modern Approaches to Animal Cell Technology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;14
5;Organizing Committee;6
6;ESACT Executive Committee 1986-87;7
7;8th ESACT Meeting, Tiberias, Israel;8
8;Preface;10
9;1. The liberation of animal cells: psychology of changing
attitudes;20
9.1;INTRODUCTION;20
9.2;BACKGROUND;20
9.3;BIOTECHNOLOGY;23
9.4;STUDY GROUP;27
9.5;DISCUSSION;30
9.6;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;32
9.7;REFERENCES;34
10;2. Cell DNA biologicals: significance and
quantitation;39
11;Section 1: New cells and cell lines;42
11.1;3. Human monoclonal antibodies - their
potential, problems and prospects;44
11.1.1;INTRODUCTION;44
11.1.2;GENERAL STRATEGIES USED IN HUMAN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PRODUCTION;45
11.1.3;A SURVEY OF HUMAN MONOCLONALS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS;53
11.1.4;THE LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES;57
11.1.5;STRATEGIES FOR THE FUTURE;58
11.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;65
11.1.7;REFERENCES;65
11.2;4. Production of cancer specific monoclonal antibodies with human-human hybridomas and their serum-free, high density, perfusion
culture;71
11.2.1;I. PREPARATION OF FUSION PARTNER CELL LINES;71
11.2.2;II. CHARACTERISTICS OF A FUSION PARTNER CELL LINE, HO-323;72
11.2.3;III. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC TO CANCER CELLS;75
11.2.4;V. CHARACTERIZATION OF CANCER SPECIFIC ANTIGENS;80
11.2.5;VI. MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANTIBODY;80
11.2.6;VII. SERUM-FREE CULTURE OF HUMAN-HUMAN HYBRIDOMAS;82
11.2.7;VIII. A LARGE SCALE SERUM-FREE STIRRED CULTURE OF HUMAN-HUMAN HYBRIDOMAS;83
11.2.8;SUMMARY;92
11.2.9;REFERENCES;93
11.3;5. Establishment of a human hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibodies toward rabies virus;96
11.3.1;ABSTRACT;96
11.3.2;INTRODUCTION;97
11.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;97
11.3.4;DISCUSSION;105
11.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;106
11.3.6;REFERENCES;106
11.4;6. The production of bovine and ovine monoclonal antibodies to gonadal steroids: the use of interspecific
hybridomas;108
11.4.1;ABSTRACT;108
11.4.2;INTRODUCTION;109
11.4.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;114
11.4.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;122
11.4.5;REFERENCES;122
11.5;7. The immortalization of differentiated
mammalian cells;126
11.5.1;ABSTRACT;126
11.5.2;INTRODUCTION;126
11.5.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;127
11.5.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;129
11.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;131
11.5.6;REFERENCES;131
11.6;8. Structural basis of growth factor receptor
mediated cellular signals (abstract);134
11.7;9. Growth control of normal human B
lymphocytes;136
11.7.1;ABSTRACT;136
11.7.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;137
11.7.3;RESULTS;137
11.7.4;DISCUSSION;141
11.7.5;REFERENCES;142
11.8;10. Anti-proliferative effects and phenotypic alterations induced by methylurea
derivatives in B16 mouse melanoma;144
11.8.1;Abstract;144
11.8.2;Introduction;144
11.8.3;Materials and Methods;145
11.8.4;Results and Discussion;146
11.8.5;References;154
11.9;11. Comparative analysis of major biological aspects of human hepatoma in culture;157
11.9.1;Summary;157
11.9.2;Introduction;158
11.9.3;MateriaIs and methods;159
11.9.4;ResuIts;161
11.9.5;Discussion;169
11.9.6;AcknowIedgements;172
11.9.7;References;172
11.10;12. Minireview: Essential strategies for the application of herpes simplex virus as a vector for the expression of foreign genes;179
11.10.1;INTRODUCTION;179
11.10.2;EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN;180
11.10.3;INACTIVATION OF GENES BY DELETION AND BY INSERTION;191
11.10.4;EVALUATION OF THE SITE OF INSERTION;193
11.10.5;CONCLUSIONS;193
11.10.6;REFERENCES;194
11.11;13. The glutamine synthetase gene: a novel marker for gene amplification in
mammalian cells (abstract);198
11.12;14. Recombinant animal cell lines for production of glycoproteins;201
11.12.1;Abstract;201
11.12.2;Introduction;201
11.12.3;Methods;203
11.12.4;Results and Discussion;205
11.12.5;Acknowledgements;214
11.12.6;References;214
11.13;15. Foreign gene expression in rat pituitary
GH3 cells;218
11.13.1;ABSTRACT;218
11.13.2;INTRODUCTION;219
11.13.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;220
11.13.4;RESULTS;226
11.13.5;DISCUSSION;229
11.13.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;231
11.13.7;REFERENCES;231
11.14;16. Use of transfected and amplified Drosophila heat shock promoter construction for inducible production of toxic mouse c-myc
proteins in CHO cells;234
11.14.1;ABSTRACT;234
11.14.2;INTRODUCTION;234
11.14.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;235
11.14.4;LITERATURE;251
12;Section 2: Medium development;262
12.1;17. The use of glutamine-free media for the growth of three cell lines in microcarrier
culture;264
12.1.1;ABSTRACT;264
12.1.2;INTRODUCTION;264
12.1.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;266
12.1.4;RESULTS;268
12.1.5;DISCUSSION;273
12.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;278
12.1.7;REFERENCES;278
12.2;18. The attachment of MDCK cells to three types of microcarriers in different
serum-free media;283
12.2.1;ABSTRACT;283
12.2.2;INTRODUCTION;284
12.2.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;285
12.2.4;RESULTS;287
12.2.5;DISCUSSION;292
12.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;296
12.2.7;REFERENCES;296
12.3;19. Spreading, growth and function of cells attached to a plasma clot interphase between agarose and the atmosphere;299
12.3.1;ABSTRACT;299
12.3.2;INTRODUCTION;299
12.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;303
12.3.4;DISCUSSION;307
13;Section 3: Physiological investigations;314
13.1;20. Investigations of the influence of physical environment on the cultivation of animal
cells;316
13.1.1;ABSTRACT;316
13.1.2;INTRODUCTION;317
13.1.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;317
13.1.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;327
13.1.5;CONCLUSION;332
13.1.6;REFERENCES;333
13.2;21. Shear sensitivity of three hybridoma cell
lines in suspension culture;335
13.2.1;SUMMARY;335
13.2.2;INTRODUCTION;336
13.2.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;337
13.2.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;340
13.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;343
13.2.6;REFERENCES;345
13.3;22. NMR metabolic studies of human breast
cancer cells;347
13.3.1;ABSTRACT;347
13.3.2;INTRODUCTION;347
13.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;349
13.3.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;350
13.3.5;REFERENCES;359
13.4;23. Optimization of glass-sphere immobilized
bed cultures;361
13.4.1;ABSTRACT;361
13.4.2;INTRODUCTION;361
13.4.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;362
13.4.4;RESULTS;365
13.4.5;DISCUSSION;369
13.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;370
13.4.7;REFERENCES;370
13.5;24. Examination of a simple model for the diffusion of oxygen into dense masses of
animal cells;372
13.5.1;ABSTRACT;372
13.5.2;INTRODUCTION;372
13.5.3;THEORETICAL MODEL;373
13.5.4;TERMS;374
13.5.5;DIFFUSION INTO A FLAT SLAB;375
13.5.6;DIFFUSION FROM A CYLINDRICAL CAPILLARY;376
13.5.7;DIFFUSION INTO A SPHERE;378
13.5.8;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;380
13.5.9;REFERENCES;383
13.6;25. Kinetics of prourokinase production by
mammalian cells in culture;384
13.6.1;ABSTRACT;384
13.6.2;INTRODUCTION;384
13.6.3;MATERIALS ANP MATHODS;385
13.6.4;CONCLUSION;397
13.6.5;REFERENCES;397
13.7;26. Specific kinetic patterns of production of monoclonal antibodies in batch cultures and consequences on fermentation
processes;400
13.7.1;Summary;400
13.7.2;Introduction;400
13.7.3;Materials and Methods;401
13.7.4;Results;402
13.7.5;Discussion;410
13.8;27. A model system to study gene expression and scale up of microcarrier cultures of
recombinant DNA manipulated cells;416
13.8.1;ABSTRACT;416
13.8.2;INTRODUCTION;416
13.8.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;417
13.8.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;419
13.8.5;REFERENCES;424
14;Section 4: Bioreactor developments;428
14.1;28. Membrane-stirrer-reactor for bubble free
aeration and perfusion;430
14.1.1;Introduction;430
14.1.2;Material and Methods;431
14.1.3;Results and Discussion;435
14.1.4;Summary;436
14.1.5;References;438
14.2;29. Immobilization of hybridomas in
packed-bed bioreactors;439
14.2.1;ABSTRACT;439
14.2.2;INTRODUCTION;439
14.2.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;440
14.2.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;443
14.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;453
14.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;453
14.2.7;REFERENCES;454
14.3;30. Production of biologicals by animal cells
immobilized in polyurethane foam matrix;456
14.3.1;ABSTRACT;456
14.3.2;INTRODUCTION;456
14.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;457
14.3.4;RESULTS;458
14.3.5;DISCUSSION;464
14.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;465
14.3.7;REFERENCES;465
14.4;31. Comparison of oxygenation methods in a
39L stirred bioreactor;468
14.4.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;471
14.4.2;REFERENCES;471
14.5;32. Development of large-scale mammalian cell
perfusion culture systems;473
14.5.1;REFERENCES;497
14.6;33. Microcarrier DORMACELL does not detectably alter viral or plasmid DNA upon
direct exposure;503
14.6.1;Salmonella test with S-9 mix;503
14.6.2;Measurement of infectiosity of pBR322 plasmid DNA by means of
transfection tests;505
14.6.3;"Does treatment of DNA with DORMACELL cause changes in the
restriction patterns of a large DNA molecule?";505
14.6.4;Conclusions;509
14.7;34. Macroporous microcarriers;511
14.7.1;Abstract;511
14.7.2;Introduction;511
14.7.3;Materials and Methods;512
14.7.4;Results;513
14.7.5;Discussion;515
14.7.6;References;519
14.8;35. Growth of animal cells on microbeads III: Semi continuous in situ estimation of
numbers;523
14.8.1;Abstract;523
14.8.2;Introduction;523
14.8.3;Materials and methods;524
14.8.4;Results;525
14.8.5;Discussion;527
14.8.6;Acknowledgments;529
14.8.7;References;530
14.9;36. Evaluation of the continuous perfusion culture system for the production of monoclonal antibodies;532
14.9.1;ABSTRACT;532
14.9.2;INTRODUCTION;532
14.9.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;533
14.9.4;RESULTS;535
14.9.5;CONCLUSIONS;535
14.9.6;REFERENCES;537
14.10;37. Recent advances in the control of
monitoring of bioreactors;538
14.10.1;SYNOPSIS;538
14.10.2;INTRODUCTION;538
14.11;38. Automated process control for culturing
animal cells;543
14.11.1;ABSTRACT;543
14.11.2;INTRODUCTION;543
14.11.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;544
14.11.4;RESULTS;545
14.11.5;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION;545
14.11.6;REFERENCES;549
15;Section 5: Downstream unit processes;552
15.1;39. Design criteria for the purification of biopolymers for the pharmaceutical
industry;554
15.1.1;INTRODUCTION;554
15.1.2;CHOICE OF METHODS;554
15.1.3;PURIFICATION SEQUENCE;555
15.1.4;DESIGN DATA;557
15.1.5;REPRODUCIBILITY AND RELIABILITY;558
15.1.6;IMPLICATIONS OF METHOD DESIGN DATA;558
15.1.7;IMPLICATIONS OF SYSTEM DESIGN DATA;561
15.1.8;REFERENCES;565
15.2;40. Use of a dynamic filtration method for
separation of animal cells;567
15.2.1;Abstract;567
15.2.2;1. Introduction;567
15.2.3;Materials and methods;568
15.2.4;3. Principle of function;568
15.2.5;4. Results and discussion;570
15.2.6;5. Conclusion;574
15.2.7;6. References;574
15.3;41. Continuous culture of murine hybridomas with integrated recovery of monoclonal
antibodies;575
15.3.1;ABSTRACT;575
15.3.2;INTRODUCTION;575
15.3.3;METHODS;576
15.3.4;RESULTS;581
15.3.5;DISCUSSION;586
15.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;591
15.3.7;REFERENCES;591
16;Section 6: Vaccine
products;596
16.1;42. Improved production of Marek's disease
vaccine with the multi-tube technology;598
16.1.1;ABSTRACT;598
16.1.2;INTRODUCTION;598
16.1.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;598
16.1.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;599
16.1.5;CONCLUSION;604
16.2;43. Procedure for the adaption of the new mumps vaccine strain 'rubini' to human
diploid cells;606
16.2.1;Abstract;606
16.2.2;Introduction;606
16.2.3;Attenuation procedure of mumps virus;607
16.2.4;Production procedure;609
16.2.5;Characterization and safety tests;609
16.2.6;Clinical studies;609
16.2.7;Conclusions;613
16.2.8;References;613
16.3;44. Immuno detection of flaviviruses by monoclonal antibodies directed against West Nile virus specific and flavivirus
group epitopes;615
16.3.1;ABSTRACT;615
16.3.2;INTRODUCTION;615
16.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;616
16.3.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;620
16.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;630
16.3.6;REFERENCES;630
16.4;45. A simple ELISA for the estimation of antibodies to equine herpes virus (EHV-1) and its application to the quality control of
vaccines;632
16.4.1;ABSTRACT;632
16.4.2;INTRODUCTION;633
16.4.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;634
16.4.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;636
16.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;641
16.4.6;REFERENCES;643
16.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;646
16.5;46. The production and application of an oil adjuvant vaccine against foot-and-mouth
disease in cattle;647
16.5.1;Abstract;647
16.5.2;Introduction;647
16.5.3;VACCINE PRODUCTION;648
16.5.4;IMMUNOGENICITY;654
16.5.5;LARGE SCALE APPLICATION;657
16.5.6;OUTLOOK;659
16.5.7;REFERENCES;659
17;Section 7: Immune system products;660
17.1;47. Application of large scale perfusion systems for pharmaceutical production from
mammalian cells;662
17.1.1;ABSTRACT;662
17.1.2;INTRODUCTION;663
17.1.3;PERFUSION CULTURE TECHNOLOGY;665
17.1.4;LARGE SCALE PROCESS PURIFICATION;670
17.1.5;QUALITY CONTROL;672
17.1.6;CONCLUSION;678
17.1.7;REFERENCES;680
17.2;48. The organotype culture model of human cancer cells: the effect of human
recombinant Interferons;681
17.2.1;ABSTRACT;681
17.2.2;MATERIAL AND METHODS;682
17.2.3;RESULTS;684
17.2.4;DISCUSSION;693
17.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;697
17.2.6;REFERENCES;697
17.3;49. Immune interferon enhances the expression
of MHC antigens in human placenta;701
17.3.1;Abstract;701
17.3.2;Introduction;701
17.3.3;Materials and methods;702
17.3.4;Results;702
17.3.5;Discussion;704
17.3.6;Conclusions;704
17.3.7;Aknowledgements;704
17.3.8;REFERENCES;704
17.4;50. Gamma interferon and anti-thy-1 antibody induce specific killing activity in memory-like cytolytic hybridomas;706
17.4.1;ABSTRACT;706
17.4.2;INTRODUCTION;706
17.4.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;708
17.4.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;709
17.4.5;Acknowledgements;715
17.4.6;References;715
17.5;51. Development of a device and a double antibody microradioimmune assay for fast screening and sensitive quantitation of monoclonal antibodies;718
17.5.1;ABSTRACT;718
17.5.2;INTRODUCTION;719
17.5.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;726
17.5.4;REFERENCES;726
17.6;52. Development of monoclonal antibodies directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and their application for CEA
detection;727
17.6.1;ABSTRACT;727
17.6.2;INTRODUCTION;727
17.6.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;729
17.6.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;739
17.6.5;REFERENCES;739
17.7;53. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) production in low protein growth medium;743
17.7.1;ABSTRACT;743
17.7.2;INTRODUCTION;744
17.7.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;744
17.7.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;747
17.7.5;REFERENCES;755
17.8;54. Production and purification of a bladder cancer associated membrane protein;757
17.8.1;ABSTRACT;757
17.8.2;INTRODUCTION;757
17.8.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;758
17.8.4;RESULTS;759
17.8.5;DISCUSSION;762
17.8.6;REFERENCES;762
18;Section 8: Toxicity testing with animal cells;764
18.1;55. The use of animal cells for evaluation of
toxicity, carcinogenesis and mutagenesis;766
18.1.1;ABSTRACT;766
18.1.2;INTRODUCTION;767
18.1.3;INFLAMMATION;769
18.1.4;HEPATOXICITY;769
18.1.5;CONCLUSION;771
18.1.6;REFERENCES;771
18.2;56. Development of a model for the study of
toxicity and carcinogenicity in vitro;775
18.2.1;ABSTRACT;775
18.2.2;INTRODUCTION;775
18.2.3;METHODS;776
18.2.4;RESULTS;778
18.2.5;DISCUSSION;786
18.2.6;REFERENCES;787
19;Section 9. A glimpse of the future;792
20;57. The transformation of science fiction into technical reality by using animal cells in
culture;794
20.1;1. Introduction;794
20.2;2. Uses for Antibodies;797
20.3;3. Animal Cells as Products;799
20.4;4. Products from Recornbinant Animal Cells;801
20.5;5. Cell Technology;802
20.6;6. The problems remaining;803
20.7;7. Conclusion;804
21;Postscript;806
22;58. Terms and symbols for use in animal cell
culture;808
23;Late paper;812
24;59. Hybridoma culture for the continuous production of monoclonal antibodies; a fractionalized factorial design experiment
for process optimization;814
25;ABSTRACT;814
26;IMTRODUCTION;814
27;MATERIALS AMD METHODS;815
28;EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN;816
29;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;817
30;PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY;818
31;GENERAL DISCUSSION;820
32;REFERENCES;820
33;List of participants;822
34;List of exhibitors;844