Buch, Englisch, 448 Seiten, Format (B × H): 173 mm x 250 mm, Gewicht: 1021 g
ISBN: 978-1-394-18388-3
Verlag: Wiley
Applications of Genome Engineering in Plants
Understand the keys to creating the food of the future
Genome engineering in plants is a field that has made enormous strides in recent years. In particular, the CRISPR-Cas system has been used in a number of crop species to make significant leaps forward in nutritional improvement, stress tolerance, crop yield, and more. As scientists work to meet global food needs and foster sustainable agriculture in a changing world, genome engineering promises only to become more important.
Applications of Genome Engineering in Plants details the history of, and recent developments in, this essential area of biotechnology. It describes advances enabling nutritional improvement, nutraceuticals improvement, flavonoid enrichment, and many more crop enhancements, as well as subjects such as biosafety and regulatory mechanisms. The result is a thorough and essential overview for researchers and biotech professionals.
Applications of Genome Engineering in Plants readers will also find: - Chapters on trans-gene free editing or non-transgenic approaches to plant genomes
- Detailed discussion of topics including nanotechnology-facilitated genome editing, engineering for virus resistance in plants, and more
- Applications of genome editing in oil seed crops, vegetables, ornamental plants, and many others
Applications of Genome Engineering in Plants is ideal for academics, scientists, and industry professionals working in biotechnology, agriculture, food science, and related subjects.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
List of Contributors xv
Preface xix
About the Editor xx
1 CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing in Plants: A Historical Perspective 1
Anil Kumar, Shumayla, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Historical Background 2
1.3 Mechanism of CRISPR/Cas System 4
1.3.1 Acquisition of Spacers 4
1.3.2 Biogenesis 5
1.3.3 Interference with the Target 5
1.4 Breakthrough Studies in CRISPR/Cas System 5
1.5 CRISPR Types 6
1.6 Type of Cas Proteins 7
1.6.1 Cas 1 7
1.6.2 Cas 2 7
1.6.3 Cas 3 7
1.6.4 Cas 4 7
1.6.5 Cas 5 7
1.6.6 Cas 6 8
1.6.7 Cas 7 8
1.6.8 Cas 8 8
1.6.9 Cas 9 8
1.6.10 Cas 10 8
1.6.11 Cas 11 8
1.6.12 Cas 12 9
1.6.13 Cas 13 9
1.6.14 Cas 14 9
1.7 CRISPR/Cas Modification 9
1.7.1 Nickase 9
1.7.2 Dead Cas9 (dCas9) 10
1.7.3 Base Editors 10
1.7.4 Prime Editors 10
1.8 CRISPR/Cas as a Genome Editing Tool and Its Application 10
1.8.1 Gene Knockout 10
1.8.2 DNA Insertion 11
1.8.3 Base Editing 11
1.8.4 Gene Activation and/or Repression 12
1.8.5 Epigenetic Modifications 12
1.8.6 Localization 12
1.8.7 RNA Editing 13
1.9 Conclusion 13
References 13
2 CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Multiplex Genome Editing in Plants and Applications 20
R. Prajapati and K. Tyagi
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Construct Design for Multiplex CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing 22
2.3 Strategies for Processing Multiple-Guide RNAs 23
2.4 Delivery of CRISPR/Cas Construct into Plant Cells 24
2.4.1 Agrobacterium-Mediated Delivery 24
2.4.2 Virus-Mediated Delivery 24
2.4.3 Particle Bombardment-Based Delivery 25
2.5 Broader Implications of CRISPR/Cas Multiplex Gene Editing 25
2.5.1 Simultaneous Knockout of Multiple Genes 25
2.5.2 Targeted Chromosomal Deletions 26
2.5.3 Transcriptional Activation or Repression of Genes 26
2.5.4 Base Editing 26
2.6 Application of CRISPR/Cas Multiplex Gene Editing in Generating Disease Resistant Plants 27
2.6.1 Disease Resistance Against Viruses 27
2.6.2 Disease Resistance Against Fungi 28
2.6.3 Disease Resistance Against Bacteria 29
2.7 Application of CRISPR/Cas Multiplex Gene Editing in Abiotic Stress-Tolerant Crop Production 29
2.7.1 Drought Tolerance 30
2.7.2 Salinity Tolerance 30
2.7.3 Herbicide Resistance 31
2.8 Application of CRISPR/Cas Multiplex Gene Editing in Enhancing Crop Yield, Nutrition, and Related Traits 31
2.9 Conclusion 32
Acknowledgments 32
References 34
3 Cas Variants Increased the Dimension of the CRISPR Tool Kit 40
Sameer Dixit, Akanchha Shukla, Mahendra Pawar, and Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
3.1 Introduction 40
3.2 General Architecture and Mechanism of CRISPR-Cas System 41
3.3 Classification of CRISPR-Cas System 42
3.3.1 Class 1 CRISPR-Cas System 44
3.3.2 Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System 45
3.4 Different Application-Based CRISPR-Cas System 45
3.4.1 Cas 9 46
3.4.2 Cas 12 46
3.4.3 Cas 14 46
3.4.4 Cas 13 47
3.4.5 Cas 3 47
3.5 Advancement and Reengineering of CRISPR-Cas System 47
3.6 Conclusions 48
Acknowledgments 49
References 49
4 Advancement in Delivery Systems and Vector Selection for CRISPR/ Cas-Mediated Genome Editing in Plants 52
Sanskriti Vats, Sukhmandeep Kaur, Amit Chauhan, Dipul Kumar Biswas, and Rupesh Deshmukh
4.1 Introduction 52
4.2 Advancement in Delivery Systems and Vector Selection for CRISPR/ Cas-Mediated Genome Editing in Plants 53
4.2.1 Vector Selection Based on Application and Availability in Plants 53
4.2.2 Plant Transformation Methodologies 56
4.3 Emerging Advanced CRISPR/Cas Systems and the Increased Demand for Quick Transformation Protocols 57
4.4 Advancements in Agrobacterium-Meditated Stable Transformation of Plants 59
4.5 Improvement of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation System by Developmental Regulators and Modular Agrobacterium Strains 61
4.6 Non-Agrobacterium Systems for Plant Transformation 62
4.7 Viral Vectors for Delivery of CRISPR Reagents and Increasing Donor Titer 63
4.8 De novo Meristem Induction 65
4.9 Biolistics and Protoplast Systems for CRISPR-Based Genome Editing 66
4.9.1 Biolistic Approach 66
4.9.2 Protoplast Approach 67
4.10 Generation of Transgene-Free CRISPR-Edited Lines 68
4.10.1 Mendelian Segregation Analysis 68
4.10.2 Programmed Self-Elimination Method 68
4.10.3 Transient Expression of CRISPR/Cas9 Cassette 68
References 69
5 Role of Nanotechnology in the Advancement in Genome Editing in Plants 78
Mehtap AYDIN
5.1 An Overview of Plant Genome Editing 78
5.1.1 Meganuclease 79
5.1.2 Zinc Finger Nucleases 79
5.1.3 Transcription Activator-Like Effectors Nucleases 80
5.1.4 CRISPR/Cas9 Based Genome Editing 80
5.2 Nanoparticles used as Genome Editing Tools in Plants 80
5.2.1 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 82
5.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes Carbon 82
5.2.3 Lipid-Based Nanoparticles 83
5.2.4 Polymer-Based Nanoparticles 83
5.3 Point of View: The Nanotechnology and Plant Genome Editing 83
5.4 The Approach to Transferring Biomolecules to Plants and Its Limitations 84
5.5 Role of Nanotechnology in Agriculture 84
5.6 Conclusion 86
References 86
6 Genome Editing for Crop Biofortification 91
Erum Shoeb, Srividhya Venkataraman, Uzma Badar, and Kathleen Hefferon
6.1 Introduction 91
6.2 Current Global Status of Micronutrient Malnutrition 92
6.3 Importance of Biofortification in Ensuring Food Security 92
6.4 Strategies for Biofortification 93
6.4.1 Chloroplast Metabolic Engineering for Developing Nutrient-Dense Food Crops 94
6.5 Biofortification Through Agronomic Practices 96
6.6 Genome Editing Is a Powerful Tool 98
6.6.1 Meganucleases (MegNs) 99
6.6.2 Zinc Finger Nucleases 100
6.6.3 TALENs 100
6.6.4 CRISPR/Cas- 9 101
6.7 Examples of Biofortification Using Genome Editing Technologies 102
6.7.1 Amino Acid Biofortification 102
6.7.2 GABA Biofortification 102
6.7.3 Improvement of Oil Content and Quality 105
6.7.4 Improvement of Resistant Starch Content 105
6.7.5 Improvement of Micronutrient Bioavailability 105
6.7.6 Crops Enriched in Iron 105
6.7.7 Zn-enriched Crops 106
6.7.8 Crops Enriched in Vitamin A 106
6.7.9 Crops Enriched in Vitamin E 107
6.7.10 Engineering Crops Adapted to Growing in Toxic Environments 107
6.7.11 CRISPR-Cas9-enabled Decrease in Anti-nutrients 107
6.7.12 Benefits of Genome Editing over Other Technologies for Biofortification 108
6.8 Regulation of Genome Editing 108
6.9 Conclusions and Future Prospects 109
References 109
7 Genome Editing for Nutritional Improvement of Crops 122
Pooja Kanwar Shekhawat, Hasthi Ram, and Praveen Soni
Abbreviations 122
7.1 Introduction 124
7.2 Evolution of Techniques for Improvement of Crops’ Genomes 124
7.3 Genome Editing for Nutritional Improvement 125
7.3.1 Improvement in Cereal Crops 126
7.3.2 Improvement in Oilseed Crops 138
7.3.3 Improvements in Horticulture Crops 139
7.4 Regulation of Genome Edited Crops: Current Status 141
7.5 Future Perspectives and Conclusion 142
Author Contribution 142
Acknowledgment 142
References 143
8 Genome-Editing Tools for Engineering of MicroRNAs and Their Encoded
Peptides, miPEPs, in Plants 153
Ravi Shankar Kumar, Hiteshwari Sinha, Tapasya Datta, Ashish Sharma, and Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
8.1 Introduction 153
8.1.1 ZINC Finger Nucleases 154
8.1.2 TALE Nucleases 155
8.1.3 CRISPR/Cas 9 156
8.2 CRISPR–Cas9-Mediated DNA Interference in Bacterial Adaptive Immunity 157
8.2.1 Types of CRISPR Systems 158
8.2.2 The Cas9 Enzyme 158
8.3 CRISPR/Cas9 Effector Complex Assembly 159
8.4 The Mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Engineering 159
8.4.1 Comparison with Other Technologies for Genome Editing 160
8.4.2 Limitations of the Cas9 System 160
8.4.3 miRNAs 162
8.4.4 Biogenesis of miRNA 162
8.4.5 miRNA and Gene Regulations 163
8.5 Role of Genome-Editing in miRNA Expression 164
8.6 Applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 System in miRNA Editing 165
8.6.1 microRNA-Encoded Peptide 166
8.6.2 Biogenesis of miPEPs 166
8.6.3 Role of miPEP 167
8.7 miPEPs Act as the Master Regulator in Plant Growth and Development 167
8.8 Conclusions and Future Prospect 168
Acknowledgments 169
References 169
9 Genome Editing for Trait Improvement in Ornamental Plants 177
Yang Zhou, Yuxin Li, and Wen Liu
9.1 Introduction 177
9.2 Application of Gene Editing Technology in Color Regulation of Ornamental Plants 178
9.3 Application of Gene Editing Technology in Ornamental Plants Preservation 179
9.4 Application of Gene Editing Technology in Shape and Organ Regulation of Ornamental Plants 180
9.5 Application of Gene Editing Technology in Other Traits of Ornamental Plants 180
9.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 181
Acknowledgments 181
References 181
10 Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants by Genome Editing Applications 185
Elif Karlik Urhan
10.1 Introduction 185
10.2 Drought Tolerance 187
10.3 Salinity Tolerance 191
10.4 Temperature Stress Tolerance 196
10.4.1 Heat Stress Tolerance 196
10.4.2 Cold Stress Tolerance 199
10.5 Conclusions 202
References 203
11 Genome Editing
