Wolken Photoprocesses, Photoreceptors, and Evolution

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-2069-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 332 Seiten, Web PDF

Photoprocesses, Photoreceptors, and Evolution discusses the important role that visible radiation has played in the development of photoreceptor systems, hence, in the evolution of life on earth. The book examines the spectrum of energies that impinge on the Earth, what kinds of molecules absorb these energies, and how they are structured within the cell to function as a photoreceptor system. The text describes the molecular structure of the cell membrane; the various kinds of pigment molecules; and the structures associated with photobiological phenomena. The relationship between the photoreceptor system and behavior, i.e. phototropism and phototaxis, photosynthesis, and vision, is also considered. The book further tackles the photoprocesses which function in photoperiodic phenomena - the 'biological clocks, aging, memory, and bioluminescence. The text then demonstrates the structure of the invertebrate and vertebrate photoreceptors; and the intervebrate and vertebrate visual pigments and their photochemistry. Photobiologists will find the book invaluable.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wolken, Jerome J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Photoprocesses, Photoreceptors, and Evolution
;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents
;8
5;Preface;12
6;Acknowledgments;14
7;Chapter I. Introduction
;16
8;Chapter II.

The Environment;23
8.1;The Earth and Geological Record;23
8.2;The Changing Atmosphere and Temperature;25
8.3;The Ocean;28
8.4;Molecules in the Environment;30
8.5;Electromagnetic Energy and Photobiology;36
8.6;The Physical Nature of Light;38
8.7;The Absorption and Emission of Light;39
9;Chapter III. Photosensitivity and Pigments
;41
9.1;Pyrroles and Porphyrins;42
9.2;Chlorophyll;43
9.3;Heme;46
9.4;Cytochromes;48
9.5;The Carotenoids;49
9.6;Phycobiliproteins
;54
9.7;Ferredoxins;55
9.8;Flavins;57
9.9;Melanins;58
9.10;Solar Spectrum and Pigment Absorption Spectra;60
9.11;Action Spectra;60
10;Chapter IV. The Emergence of the Cell and Its Organelles
;63
10.1;A Model Cell: Euglena;66
10.2;CO2 Fixation
;71
10.3;Cell Structure;73
11;Chapter V. Photosynthesis
;80
11.1;The Photosynthetic Process;82
11.2;Two Photosystems in Photosynthesis;83
11.3;Comparative Biochemistry of Photosynthesis;85
11.4;Enzymes;86
11.5;The Chloroplast;88
11.6;The Chloroplast Structure;94
11.7;Chloroplastin;101
12;Chapter VI. Phototropism
;108
12.1;A Model Cell: Phycomyces;110
12.2;The Photoreceptor Molecule;112
12.3;Pigment Extraction;114
12.4;Location of the Photoreceptor;116
12.5;The Photoreceptor;118
12.6;Electrophysiology;129
13;Chapter VII. Phototaxis
;133
13.1;The Photoreceptor System of Euglena;134
13.2;Photokinesis and the Photoreceptor Molecule;137
13.3;Phototaxis and the Photoreceptor Molecule;140
13.4;The Eyespot Pigment and the Photoreceptor Molecule;143
13.5;The Photoreceptor System and Excitation;146
13.6;The Flagellum and Excitation;148
14;Chapter VIII. Invertebrate Eyes
;152
14.1;Arthropods;155
14.2;Molluscs;176
14.3;Related Remarks;179
15;Chapter IX. Protochordates
;183
15.1;Ciona intestinalis;185
15.2;The Photoreceptor;190
15.3;Pigment Cells;192
15.4;Remarks Regarding the Ocelli;193
16;Chapter X. The Vertebrate Eye and the Retina
;196
16.1;The Eye;197
16.2;The Retina;199
16.3;The Retinal Rods and Cones;201
16.4;The Elasmobranch Retina;205
16.5;The Amphibian Retinal Rod;208
17;Chapter XI. The Vertebrate Visual Pigments
;210
17.1;Vitamin A and the Visual Pigment;210
17.2;Visual Pigments;213
17.3;The Photochemistry of Rhodopsin;215
17.4;The Cone Pigments and Color Vision;218
17.5;The Oil Globules;220
17.6;Retinal Rod Molecular Structure;223
18;Chapter XII. The Invertebrate Visual Pigments
;227
18.1;Molluscs;227
18.2;Arthropods;230
18.3;Color Vision;241
18.4;Visual Screening Pigments;242
18.5;Polarized Light Analysis;245
19;Chapter XIII. The Visual Photoreceptors and Pigments in Evolution
;248
19.1;Visual Photoreceptors;248
19.2;Photoreceptor Origins;251
19.3;The Visual Pigments in Evolution;252
19.4;Opsins;254
19.5;How Universal Is Retinal?;255
20;Chapter XIV. Photoperiodic Phenomena and Memory
;263
20.1;Photoperiodism;263
20.2;Photoperiodism and the Flowering of Plants;265
20.3;Marine Organisms and Tidal Rhythm;267
20.4;The Pineal;268
20.5;Memory;272
20.6;Photochemical Memory;274
20.7;Photochemical Memory and Evolution;275
20.8;Photoprocesses and Lifetimes;277
21;Chapter XV. Bioluminescence
;279
21.1;Photophores and Photoreceptors;285
21.2;Bioluminescence and Evolution;287
22;Chapter XVI. Summary
;289
23;Bibliography;297
24;Subject Index;322