Buch, Englisch, 596 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 234 mm, Gewicht: 1039 g
Buch, Englisch, 596 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 234 mm, Gewicht: 1039 g
ISBN: 978-0-7514-0151-6
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Zielgruppe
Research
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Andere Fertigungstechnologien
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften Wirtschaftssektoren & Branchen Medien-, Informations und Kommunikationswirtschaft Druckindustrie, Verpackungsindustrie
- Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften Interdisziplinär Ökotrophologie (Ernährungs- und Haushaltswissenschaften)
- Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Lebensmitteltechnologie und Getränketechnologie
Weitere Infos & Material
A Introduction.- 1 Introduction.- Package functions.- Packaging material usage.- Packaging costs.- Shipping containers.- Retail packaging.- Packaging and the environment.- Energy considerations.- Material resources.- Recycling of packaging materials.- B Packaging Materials.- 2 Wood and wood-based materials.- From tree to merchant.- The nature of wood.- Woods for box-making.- Defects in wood.- Plywood.- Fibre building boards.- Board types and manufacture.- Processing and use techniques.- 3 Pulps and papers.- Materials.- Non-fibrous additives.- What is wood?.- Pulping processes.- Beating.- Paper-making machines.- Stuff chest.- Head box.- Slice.- Fourdrinier wire.- Presses.- Dryers.- MG dryer.- Calender stacks.- Main packaging papers.- Unconverted papers.- Wrapping papers.- Interleaving.- Stiffening and supporting.- Shock absorption and space filling.- Papers for conversion.- Performance requirements.- Physical properties.- Chemical properties.- Types of wrapping material available.- Storage of materials.- 4 Paperboard.- Terminology.- Structure and general properties.- Some definitions.- Physical characteristics.- Mechanical properties.- Surface properties.- Optical properties.- Board making.- Fourdrinier machines.- Cylinder mould or vat machines.- Roll formers.- Multi-ply board machines.- Finishing processes.- Other surface treatments.- Folding boxboards.- Boards for rigid boxes.- Fibreboards for shipping containers.- Solid fibreboard.- Corrugated fibreboard.- Manufacture of corrugated board.- 5 Metal packaging.- Blackplate.- Tin-free steel.- Recycling.- Aluminium.- Foil.- Corrosion of tinplate.- Mechanism of corrosion.- Polarization.- Stress corrosion.- Presence of inhibitors.- Passivity.- Corrosion testing.- Lacquer coatings.- 6 Glass.- The nature of glass.- Plant overview.- Receiving raw materials.- Charging.- Melting.- The furnace.- 7 Plastics.- Raw materials.- Plastics based on natural polymers.- Polysaccharides.- Proteins.- Rubber.- Plastics based on synthetic polymers.- Thermosets.- Thermoplastics.- 8 Adhesives.- Historical.- Definitions.- Setting time/open time/tack.- Principles of adhesion.- Mechanisms of adhesion.- Requirements of good bond strength.- Classification of adhesives.- Notes on adhesives.- Water-based adhesive systems.- Solvent-based adhesives.- Hot melt adhesives.- Adhesive applicators.- Cold adhesive systems.- Hot-melt systems.- C Retail Packaging.- 9 Packaging with flexible barriers.- Styles of wrapping.- Hand-wrapping.- Assisted hand-wrapping.- Bagging.- Mechanical wrapping.- The wares to be packed.- General.- Dry wares.- Moist wares.- ‘Breathing’ wares.- Meats.- Liquids.- Incidental processes.- Preforming.- Shrink wrapping.- Vacuum packing.- Gas packing.- 10 Folding boxboard cartons.- Definitions.- Materials.- Manufacture.- Preliminary stage.- Production stage.- Printing.- The cutting and creasing operation.- Stripping.- Finishing.- Erection, filling and closure of cartons.- Packaging by hand.- Mechanized packaging with carton blanks.- Mechanized packaging with side seam glued cartons.- Cartons for solid products.- Cartons for liquid products.- Common carton styles and their uses.- Special constructions.- Advantages of carton systems.- Factors to be considered in a cartoning development project.- Product factors.- Machinery considerations.- Marketing considerations.- General considerations.- Carton specification and quality control.- 11 Rigid and cylindrical boxes and composite containers.- Rigid boxes.- Markets.- Materials.- Manufacturing stages.- Problems of rigid boxmaking.- The rigid box as a package.- Rigid plastic boxes.- Cylindrical boxes and composite containers.- Manufacturing processes.- Body and functional barrier materials.- Body materials.- Lining materials.- Other barriers.- Types of closure.- Usage.- Other constructions.- Composite or metal container?—the choice.- Basic cost factors.- Measurement of composite containers.- 12 Metal cans.- Historical background.- The built-up construction.- Treatment of can seams.- End double seams.- Interlocked side seam.- Other types of seams and joints.- End seams.- Cans without side seams.- The drawn and wall-ironed can.- Solid-drawn containers.- The round vacuum tin.- Manufacturing limitations of deep-drawn tins.- Limitations of drawing round tins.- Limitations of drawing rectangular tins.- General-line built-up tins.- The slip-lid tin.- The lever-lid tin.- Oblong pourer tins.- An in-between method: the locked-corner tin.- Economics.- The ideal geometry.- Getting the most out of available material.- Measuring and describing tins.- Closures.- The once-only closure.- The re-closable closure.- Decoration of cans and tins.- Offset lithography.- Dry offset printing.- Silk screen printing.- Paper labelling.- 13 Aerosols (pressurized containers).- Historical development.- Definitions.- Types of pressurized packages.- Components.- Caps.- Valves.- Containers.- Propellants.- Products.- Labels.- Filling.- Cold filling.- Pressure filling.- Non-chemical sprayers.- 14 Metal and plastic collapsible tubes and aluminium foil containers.- General description.- Methods of production.- Mechanical fabrication.- Treatment of the surfaces.- Collapsible plastic tubes.- Laminated tubes.- Types and styles of container.- Sealing.- Types of closure and methods of closing.- Packing and dispatch.- Aluminium foil containers.- Manufacture.- Use in microwave ovens.- 15 Glass containers.- Tubular containers.- Glass container making.- Forming the container.- Semi-automatic process.- Annealing.- Inspection.- Quality control.- Acceptance sampling.- Tests and test procedures.- Capacity.- Specifications.- Packaging.- Design.- Stress analysis.- Decoration.- Developments.- Reduction of surface damage.- Current approaches to conserving or improving container strength.- Surface treatment.- 16 Moulded pulp, expanded polystyrene, moulded and thermoformed plastic containers.- Moulded pulp containers.- Manufacture.- Typical uses.- Choice of manufacturing process.- Moulded plastic containers.- Definitions.- Methods of production.- Types and styles of container.- Types of closure.- Uses of moulded plastic containers.- The development of the PET bottle.- Beverages.- Enhanced PET containers.- Use of newer materials for containers.- Developments in container manufacture.- 17 Closures and dispensing devices for glass and plastic containers.- The general requirements for a good seal.- The mechanics of a good seal.- The importance of thread engagement and thread pitch.- Applying the correct tightening torque to screw caps.- The importance of vacuity or ullage.- Types of closures.- Selection of closures.- Normal seals.- Vacuum-tight seals.- Pressure-tight seals.- Secondary functions of closures.- Inviolability.- Non-refillability.- Dispensing, measuring and pouring devices.- Child resistance.- Sales appeal.- The manufacture of closures.- Metal caps.- Moulded caps made from thermosetting plastics.- Moulded caps made from thermoplastic plastics.- Choosing the right type of closure.- Liners.- Compatibility between closures and the contents of containers.- Facing materials.- Closure design.- Methods of application of closures.- Sealing methods.- Combination closures.- 18 Decoration of packaging.- Printing processes.- Relief printing.- Intaglio printing.- Planographic printing.- Screen printing.- Ink-jet printing.- Labels and labelling.- Types of labels.- Heat transfer labelling.- In-mould labelling.- Shrink sleeve decoration.- Materials for labels.- Label forms and shapes.- Adhesion of labels.- Labelling machinery and equipment.- Purchasing, installation and operation of labelling machinery.- Minimization of labelling faults and problems.- Correction of labelling faults.- D Distribution Packages.- 19 Cylindrical shipping packages.- Wooden casks and plywood kegs.- Wet and dry cooperage.- Plywood barrels.- Production methods.- Types and styles of container.- Types of closure and methods of closing.- Drums.- Metal drums.- Fibre drums.- Plastic drums and composites.- 20 Rectangular shipping containers.- Timber and Plywood Cases and Crates.- Basic types.- Nailed wooden boxes.- Crates.- Wire bound boxes and crates.- Sill and skid-base cases and crates.- Waterproof linings.- Closure of cases.- Corrugated and Solid Fibreboard Cases.- Manufacture of corrugated containers.- Corrugators.- Printer-slotters.- Flexo folder-gluers.- Die-cut cases.- Manufacturer’s joint.- Partition makers.- Manufacture of solid fibreboard cases.- Closures.- Paper, plastics and fabric sealing tapes.- Stapling.- The hazards of transport and the assessment of fibreboard packages.- Uses of corrugated and solid board.- Case styles.- Industry trends.- Automation.- Retail packages.- Competition.- Case quality and quality control.- Packaging applications of hardboard and insulating board.- Plastic Crates.- Materials.- Plastics crates for milk.- Plastics crates for beer and soft drinks.- Plastic crates for agricultural products and foodstuffs.- Intermediate Bulk Containers.- 21 Flexible shipping packages.- Textile Sacks, Bags, Bales and Baling.- Sack manufacture.- Nomenclature.- Finishing treatments.- Mechanical.- Chemical.- Sacks and bags.- Sizes of sacks and bags.- Standardization.- Lined sacks and bags.- Selection of correct size/type of sack.- Methods of closing.- Bales.- Covering.- Forming of the bale.- Compression.- Strapping.- Marking.- Multi-Wall Paper Sacks.- Open-mouth sacks.- Valved sacks.- Valves.- Materials.- Manufacture.- Filling and closing sacks.- Open-mouth sacks.- Valve sacks.- Storage of sacks.- Handling of sacks.- The assessment of paper and sacks.- Present and future use of paper sacks.- Baler bags.- Mailing bags and sacks.- Sacks Made from Plastic Film.- Early developments.- Advantages of plastic sacks for fertilizer.- Other applications for heavy-duty polyethylene sacks.- Heavy-duty polyethylene sacks.- Properties.- Manufacture.- Types of plastic film sack.- Valved plastic film sacks.- Laminated film sacks.- Co-extruded laminated sacks.- Cross-ply laminated sacks.- Sacks of Other Materials.- Woven plastic film tape sacks.- Manufacture.- Liners.- Closure.- Properties.- Applications.- 22 Pallets and unit loads.- Methods of palletization and unitization.- Equipment for handling palletized and unitized loads.- Wooden pallet construction and specification.- Pallet performance.- Load capacity.- Other pallet performance factors.- Forming and securing unit loads.- High level palletizers.- Low level palletizers.- Bulk palletizers.- Robotic palletizers.- Load restraint.- Adhesives.- Strapping.- Enveloping.- Pallet and unit load dimensions.- Pallet utilization.- Economic factors.- Strapping (steel or non-metallic).- Strength.- Adequate elongation.- Hand tools.- Power strapping machines.- Non-metallic strapping.- Elongation and elastic return.- Transmission of tension.- Package conformation.- Moisture resistance.- Types of tools available.- 23 Package cushioning systems.- Nature of the product to be protected.- Properties of cushioning materials.- Dynamic performance.- Fatigue and thickness loss.- Creep.- Moisture content.- Water absorption.- Corrosive effects.- Mould growth.- Dusting.- Space fillers.- Powders and granules.- Wrapping materials.- Shredded materials.- Less resilient materials.- Wood wool.- Expanded polystyrene.- Moulded fittings.- Corrugated fibreboard.- Resilient materials.- Rubberized hairs.- Crimped rubberized hair.- Polyurethane foams (flexible).- Bonded polyurethane chipfoam.- Expanded polyethylene.- Air bubble film.- Corner pieces.- Selection of bulk cushions.- Other factors.- Cushioning devices.- Bonded-rubber shock mounts.- Shear mountings.- Conical mounts.- Metalastik buckling mounts.- Tubular mountings (BTR).- Delta mountings (Silentbloc).- Steel spring systems.- Coil springs.- Leaflote springs.- ‘Pnucush’ mounts (Wilmount packaging).