VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICALS IN

Erscheinungsjahr 2010
ISBN: 978-0-8412-6962-0
Verlag: AMER CHEMICAL SOC

Buch, Englisch, Band 1018, 256 Seiten, Format (B × H): 157 mm x 233 mm, Gewicht: 482 g

Reihe: ACS Symposium Series

This book discusses and presents data relevant to the significance of veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment. A broad range of topics is covered, including environmental chemistry studies focusing on transport, mobility, sorption, persistence, and bioavailability of the compounds, as well as development of analytical techniques relevant to detection of the pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices, discussion of ecotoxicological studies of veterinary
pharmaceuticals, and information relevant to ecological risk assessments. The primary classes of drugs addressed are veterinary antibiotics and synthetic hormones. The antibiotics include some used in human medicine and others unique to animal medicine. A number of the most widely-used antibiotics are
employed in two different ways: therapeutically to cure or prevent diseases, or as growth promoters. Synthetic hormones are utilized to influence the development of animals, in particular in regards to weight gain and body composition. Many of the environmental concerns over veterinary pharmaceuticals arise from runoff and wastes from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), where tens of thousands of meat animals are confined in a small area, even over a million in the case of chickens. In
such situations, the drugs that are excreted intact or partially metabolized can still be biologically active when they enter the environment; even natural hormones from the animals constitute a significant portion of the overall input of bioactive chemicals.

To date, there have been numerous monitoring studies that have confirmed the existence of very low concentrations of animal pharmaceuticals and hormones, especially in surface waters. The next important question is whether those residues are of any significance in the environment, including questions about how long they persist, where they come from, how they move, whether they accumulate in environmental sinks, and what kinds of biological effects they have. The most prominent controversy may
be the one generated around the possibility of antibiotics inducing or sustaining antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the environment. Another focus is on the hormonal effects on fish and wildlife, especially as the hormones (synthetic or natural) influence reproduction and sexual development in
wild mammals, birds, fish, and amphibians.

This book addresses pressing scientific questions in the field of veterinary pharmaceuticals, including the monitoring of the drugs, the development of analytical chemical and immunochemical methods of quantifying low levels of the residues, mobility, biological availability, uptake, and effects on organisms. Several chapters that address risk assessment perspectives are included.

Zielgruppe

Environmental chemists, ecotoxicologists, and risk assessors in academic settings, government laboratories, and the animal health industry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Henderson, Keri

Coats, Joel

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltüberwachung, Umweltanalytik, Umweltinformatik
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie Umweltchemie, Lebensmittelchemie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Veterinärmedizin Veterinärmedizin: Pharmakologie & Toxikologie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Toxikologie, Gefahrstoffe, Sicherheit in der Chemie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Contents
1.: PREFACE: Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
Dr. Keri Henderson, Dr. Joel Coats
2.: Veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment: an introduction
Keri L.D. Henderson, Joel R. Coats
Fate and bioavailability
3.: A Review of the Fate of Manure-Borne, Land-Applied Hormones
H. Hakk, F.X.M. Casey, Z. Fan, G. L. Larsen
4.: Fate of Chlorate Salts Excreted from Animals
D. J. Smith, C. E. Oliver, H. Hakk, R. C. Anderson, G. L. Larsen
5.: Influence of MnO2 on the transformation of oxy- and chlortetracycline in pond water
Kennedy F. Rubert IV, Curtis J. Hedman, Tan Guo, Joel A. Pedersen
6.: Comparative Biotransformation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Matrices of Agricultural Relevance
Heinz-Georg Wetzstein, Josef Schneider, Wolfgang Karl
7.: Environmental fate and chemistry of a veterinary antibiotic-tylosin
Dingfei Hu, Keri L.D. Henderson, Joel R. Coats
8.: An overview of the fate and effects of antimicrobials used in aquaculture
Yong-Hak Kim, Carl E. Cerniglia
9.: Fate and bioavailability of sulfamethazine in freshwater ecosystems
Keri L.D. Henderson, Thomas B. Moorman, Joel R. Coats
Assessing potential environmental impacts
10.: Livestock Hormones in Aquatic Ecosystems
Yue-wern Huang, Dev K. Niyogi, Paul K. Nam, Janet M. Bandeff
11.: Characterization of Chlortetracycline-induced Glutathione S-Transferase to Conjugate Chloroacetanilide and Chlorotriazine Herbicides
Michael H. Farkas, James O. Berry, Diana S. Aga
12.: Targets, Effects and Risks in Aquatic Plants Exposed to Veterinary Antibiotics
Richard A. Brain, Keith R. Solomon, Bryan W. Brooks
13.: Risks of agricultural pharmaceuticals in surface water systems and soils
Keith R. Solomon, Derek G. Hillis, Linda Lissemore, Paul K. Sibley
14.: Risk assessment considerations for veterinary medicines in aquatic ecosystems
Bryan W. Brooks, Richard A. Brain , Duane B. Huggett, Gerald T. Ankley
Indexes
Author Index
Subject Index

Über Autor(innen)

Keri L. Henderson is a PhD Candidate in the Toxicology program at Iowa State University.

Joel R. Coats is Professor of Entomology and Toxicology at Iowa State University