Stedman Jones, D: Masters of the Universe

Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-0-691-15157-1
Verlag: Princeton Univers. Press

Buch, Englisch, 424 Seiten, Format (B × H): 152 mm x 240 mm, Gewicht: 744 g

How did American and British policymakers become so enamored with free markets, deregulation, and limited government? This book--the first comprehensive transatlantic history of the rise of neoliberal politics--presents a surprising answer. Based on archival research and interviews with leading participants in the movement, Masters of the Universe traces the ascendancy of neoliberalism from the academy of interwar Europe to supremacy under Reagan and Thatcher and in the decades since. Daniel Stedman Jones argues that there was nothing inevitable about the victory of free-market politics. Far from being the story of the simple triumph of right-wing ideas, the neoliberal breakthrough was contingent on the economic crises of the 1970s and the acceptance of the need for new policies by the political left. Masters of the Universe describes neoliberalism's road to power, beginning in interwar Europe but shifting its center of gravity after 1945 to the United States, especially to Chicago and Virginia, where it acquired a simple clarity that was developed into an uncompromising political message. Neoliberalism was communicated through a transatlantic network of think tanks, businessmen, politicians, and journalists that was held together by Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman. After the collapse of Bretton Woods in 1971, and the "stagflation" that followed, their ideas finally began to take hold as Keynesianism appeared to self-destruct. Later, after the elections of Reagan and Thatcher, a guileless faith in free markets came to dominate politics. Fascinating, important, and timely, this is a book for anyone who wants to understand the history behind the Anglo-American love affair with the free market, as well as the origins of the current economic crisis.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jones, Daniel Stedman

Fachgebiete

• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Volkswirtschaftslehre Volkswirtschaftslehre Allgemein Wirtschaftstheorie, Wirtschaftsphilosophie
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Volkswirtschaftslehre Wirtschaftssysteme, Wirtschaftsstrukturen
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politische Ideologien Liberalismus, Libertarismus
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Regierungspolitik Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Volkswirtschaftslehre Wirtschaftspolitik, politische Ökonomie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acknowledgments ix

Timeline xi

List of Abbreviations xiii
Introduction 1

     The Three Phases of Neoliberalism 6

     Neoliberalism and History 10

     Transatlantic Neoliberal Politics 15
1. The Postwar Settlement 21
2. The 1940s: The Emergence of the Neoliberal Critique 30

     Karl Popper and "The Open Society" 37

     Ludwig von Mises and "Bureaucracy" 49

     Friedrich Hayek and "The Road to Serfdom" 57

     The Mont Pelerin Society and "The Intellectuals and Socialism" 73
3. The Rising Tide: Neoliberal Ideas in the Postwar Period 85

     The Two Chicago Schools: Henry Simons, Milton Friedman, and Neoliberalism 89

     The Enlightenment, Adam Smith and Neoliberalism 100

     Economic and Political Freedom: Milton Friedman and Cold War Neoliberalism 111

     The German Economic Miracle: Neoliberalism and the Soziale Marktwirtschaft 121

     Regulatory Capture, Public Choice, and Rational Choice Theory 126
4. A Transatlantic Network: Think Tanks and the Ideological Entrepreneurs 134

     The United States in the 1950s: Fusionism and the Cold War 138

     British Conservatism in the 1950s 147

     Neoliberal Organization in the 1950s and 1960s 152

     The Second Wave: Free Market Think Tanks in the 1970s 161

     Neoliberal Journalists and Politicians 173

     Breakthrough? 178
5. Keynesianism and the Emergence of Monetarism, 1945-71 180

     Keynes and Keynesianism 182

     "A Little Local Difficulty": Enoch Powell's Monetarism 190

     American Economic Policy in the 1960s 197

     Milton Friedman's Monetarism 201

     The Gathering Storm 212
6. Economic Strategy: The Neoliberal Breakthrough, 1971-84 215

     The Slow Collapse of the Postwar Boom, 1964-71 217

     Stagflation and Wage and Price Policies 225

     The Heath Interregnum and the Neoliberal Alternative 230

     The Left Turns to Monetarism, 1: Callaghan, Healey, and the IMF Crisis 241

     The Left Turns to Monetarism, 2: Jimmy Carter and Paul Volcker's Federal Reserve 247

     Thatcherite Economic Strategy 254

     Reaganomics 263

     Conclusion 269
7. Neoliberalism Applied? The Transformation of Affordable Housing and Urban Policy in the United States and Britain, 1945-2000 273

     Postwar Low-Income Housing and Urban Policy in the United States 278

     Postwar Low-Income Housing and Urban Policy in Britain 288

     Jimmy Carter and the Limits of Government 295

     Property-Owning Democracy and Individual Freedom: Housing and Neoliberal Ideas 297

     The Reagan Administration 304

     Council House Privatization: The Right to Buy Scheme 308

     Transatlantic Transmissions: Reagan's Enterprise Zones 315

     Hope VI, Urban Regeneration, and the Third Way 321

     Conclusion 325
Conclusion - The Legacy of Transatlantic Neoliberalism: Faith-Based Policy 329

     Parallelisms: The Place of Transatlantic Neoliberal Politics in History 333

     The Apotheosis of Neoliberalism? 338

     Reason-Based Policymaking 343
Notes 347

Index 391

Über Autor(innen)

Jones, Daniel Stedman
Daniel Stedman Jones is a barrister in London. He was educated at the University of Oxford and at the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned a PhD in history. He has worked as a policy adviser for the New Opportunities Fund and as a researcher for Demos.

Daniel Stedman Jones was educated at the University of Oxford and at the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned a PhD in history. He has worked as a policy adviser for the New Opportunities Fund and as a researcher for Demos