Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics

2011
ISBN: 978-90-481-8732-4
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Buch, Englisch, 1539 Seiten, Book + Online Access, Format (B × H): 210 mm x 279 mm

Reihe: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series

The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations.

The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gupta, Harsh K.

Weitere Mitwirkende

Arora, Kusumita

Cazenave, Anny

Engdahl, Eric Robert

Kind, Rainer

Manglik, Ajay

Roy, Sukanta

Sain, Kalachand

Uyeda, Seiya

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie Tektonik, Strukturgeologie
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Allgemeines Enzyklopädien, Nachschlagewerke, Wörterbücher
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geophysik
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Vulkanologie, Seismologie
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Angewandte Physik Geophysik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Absolute Age Determinations: Radiometric.-Archaeomagnetism.-Archaeoseismology.-Artificial Water Reservoir Triggered Earthquakes.-Biogeophysics.-Body Waves.-Characteristic Earthquakes and Seismic Gaps.-Continental Drift.-Continental Rifts.-Core Dynamo.-Core-Mantle Coupling.-Crustal Reflectivity (Oceanic) and Magma Chamber.-Curie Temperature.-Deep Scientific Drilling.-Deep Seismic Reflection and Refraction Profiling.-Differential Rotation of the Earth’s Inner Core.-Earth Rotation.-Earth Tides.-Earth, Density Distribution.-Earth’s Structure, Core.-Earth’s Structure, Continental Crust.-Earth’s Structure, Global.-Earth’s Structure, Lower Mantle.-Earth’s Structure, Upper Mantle.-Earthquake Lights.-Earthquake Precursors and Prediction.-Earthquake Prediction, M8 Algorithm.-Earthquake Rupture: Inverse Problem.-Earthquake Sounds.-Earthquake, Aftershocks.-Earthquake, Focal Mechanism.-Earthquake, Foreshocks.-Earthquake, Location Techniques.-Earthquake, Magnitude.-Earthquakes and Crustal Deformation.-Earthquakes, Early and Strong Motion Warning.-Earthquakes, Energy.-Earthquakes, Intensity.-Earthquakes, PAGER.-Earthquakes, Shake Map.-Earthquakes, Source Theory.-Earthquakes, Strong-Ground Motion.-Earthquakes, Volcanogenic.-Electrical Properties of Rocks.-Electrical Resistivity Surveys and Data Interpretation.-Electronic Geophysical Year.-Energy Budget of the Earth.-Energy Partitioning of Seismic Waves.-Equatorial Electrojet.-Fractals and Chaos.-Free Oscillations of the Earth.-Geodesy, Figure of the Earth.-Geodesy, Ground Positioning and Leveling.-Geodesy, Networks and Reference Systems.-Geodesy, Physical.-Geodetic Pendulums, Horizontal Ultra Broad Band.-Geodynamics.-Geoelectromagnetism.-Geoid.-Geoid Determination, Theory and Principles.-Geoid Undulation, Interpretation.-Geoid, Computational Method.-Geomagnetic Excursions.-Geomagnetic Field, Global Pattern.-Geomagnetic Field, IGRF.-Geomagnetic Field, Measurement Techniques.-Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals.-Geomagnetic Field, Secular Variation.-Geomagnetic Field, Theory.-Geophysical Well Logging.-Geothermal Heat Pumps.-Geothermal Record of Climate Change.-GPS, Data Acquisition and Analysis.-GPS, Tectonic Geodesy.-Gravimeters.-Gravity Anomalies, Interpretation.-Gravity Data, Advanced Processing.-Gravity Data, Regional – Residual Separation.-Gravity Field of the Earth.-Gravity Field, Temporal Variations from Space Techniques.-Gravity Field, Time Variations from Surface Measurements.-Gravity Measurements, Absolute.-Gravity Method, Airborne.-Gravity Method, Principles.-Gravity Method, Satellite.-Gravity Method, Surface.-Gravity Modeling, Theory and Computation.-Gravity, Data to Anomalies.-Gravity, Global Models.-Gravity, Gradiometry.-Great Earthquakes.-Heat Flow Measurements, Continental.-Heat Flow, Continental.-Heat Flow, Seafloor: Methods and Observations.-Impact Craters on Earth.-Instrumentation, Electrical Resistivity.-Instrumentation, EM.-International Geophysical Year.-International Gravity Formula.-International Polar Year 2007–2008.-International Year of Planet Earth.-Inverse Theory, Artificial Neural Networks.-Inverse Theory, Global Optimization.-Inverse Theory, Linear.-Inverse Theory, Monte Carlo Method.-Inverse Theory, Singular Value Decomposition.-Isostasy.-Isostasy, Thermal.-Legal Continental Shelf.-Lithosphere, Continental.-Lithosphere, Continental: Thermal Structure.-Lithosphere, Mechanical Properties.-Lithosphere, Oceanic.-Lithosphere, Oceanic: Thermal Structure.-Magnetic Anisotropy.-Magnetic Anomalies, Interpretation.-Magnetic Data Enhancements and Depth Estimation.-Magnetic Domains.-Magnetic Gradiometry.-Magnetic Methods, Airborne.-Magnetic Methods, Principles.-Magnetic Methods, Satellite.-Magnetic Methods, Surface.-Magnetic Modeling, Theory and Computation.-Magnetic Storms and Electromagnetic Pulsations.-Magnetic, Global Anomaly Map.-Magnetometers.-Magnetotelluric Data Processing.-Magnetotelluric Interpretation.-Magnetovariation Studies.-Mantle Convection.-Mantle D’’ Layer.-Mantle Plumes.-Mantle Viscosity.-Numerical Methods, Boundary Element.-Numerical Methods, Domain Decomposition.-Numerical Methods, Finite Difference.-Numerical Methods, Finite Element.-Numerical Methods, Multigrid.-Ocean Bottom Seismics.-Ocean, Spreading Centre.-Oceanic Intraplate Deformation: The Central Indian Ocean Basin.-Paleomagnetic Field Intensity.-Paleomagnetism, Magnetostratigraphy.-Paleomagnetism, Measurement Techniques and Instrumentation.-Paleomagnetism, Polar Wander.-Paleomagnetism, Principles.-Paleoseismology.-Plate Driving Forces.-Plate Motions in Time: Inferences on Driving and Resisting Forces.-Plate Tectonics, Precambrian.-Plates and Paleoreconstructions.-Poroelasticity.-Propagation of Elastic Waves: Fundamentals.-Radioactivity in Earth’s Core.-Radiogenic Heat Production of Rocks.-Remanent Magnetism.-Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Tectonic Studies.-Remote Sensing, Applications to Geophysics.-SAR Interferometry.-Satellite Laser Ranging.-Seafloor Spreading.-Sedimentary Basins.-Seismic Anisotropy.-Seismic Data Acquisition and Processing.-Seismic Diffraction.-Seismic Discontinuities in the Transition Zone.-Seismic Hazard.-Seismic Imaging, Overview.-Seismic Instrumentation.-Seismic Microzonation.-Seismic Monitoring of Nuclear Explosions.-Seismic Noise.-Seismic Phase Names: IASPEI Standard.-Seismic Properties of Rocks.-Seismic Quiescence and Activation.-Seismic Seiches.-Seismic Signals in Well Observations: Pre, Co, Post.-Seismic Structure at Mid-Ocean Ridges.-Seismic Tomography.-Seismic Velocity-Density Relationships.-Seismic Velocity-Temperature Relationships.-Seismic Wave Propagation in Real Media: Numerical Modeling Approaches.-Seismic Waves, Scattering.-Seismic Zonation.-Seismic, Ambient Noise Correlation.-Seismic, Migration.-Seismic, Ray Theory.-Seismic, Receiver Function Technique.-Seismic, Reflectivity Method.-Seismic, Viscoelastic Attenuation.-Seismic, Waveform Modeling and Tomography.-Seismicity, Intraplate.-Seismicity, Subduction Zone.-Seismogram Interpretation.-Seismological Networks.-Seismology, Global Earthquake Model.-Seismology, Monitoring of CTBT.-Seismology, Rotational.-Shear-Wave Splitting: New Geophysics and Earthquake Stress-Forecasting.-Single and Multichannel Seismics.-Slow Earthquake.-Spherical Harmonic Analysis Applied to Potential Fields.-Statistical Seismology.-Subduction Zones.-Surface Waves.-T Waves.-Thermal Storage and Transport Properties of Rocks, I: Heat Capacity and Latent Heat.-Thermal Storage and Transport Properties of Rocks, II: Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity.-Time Reversal in Seismology.-Traveltime Tomography Using Controlled-Source.-Seismic Data.-Tsunami.-Tsunami: Bay of Bengal.-Tsunami Watch and Warning Centers.-Vertical Seismic Profiling.-Very Long Baseline Interferometry.-Wavelet Analysis.

Über Autor(innen)

Harsh K. Gupta currently holds the prestigious Panikkar Professorship at the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Hyderabad, India. Pursuing a luminous career in a variety of aspects of the Earth Sciences for over four decades, he is globally known for providing the first geophysical evidence of an enormously thick crust below the Himalaya and Tibet Plateau region, identifying the common characteristics of artificial water reservoir triggered earthquakes and discriminating them from normal earthquakes, setting up India’s first permanent station at Antarctica in a record time, and in recent years, spearheading the designing and commissioning of the Tsunami Warning System for India, after the disastrous tsunami caused by the 26th December 2004 Sumatra earthquake. He has published over 200 papers and written 4 pioneering books, published by Elsevier.

Dr. Gupta has occupied several important positions including the Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Ocean Development and Director of NGRI. He is the founder President of the Asian Seismological Commission, and currently the President of the Geological Society of India, President of Asia Oceania Geosciences Society and Vice President of IUGG. His many honors and accolades include the USSR Academy of Sciences ‘100 years of International Geophysics’ Memorial Medal; Waldo E. Smith Medal of American Geophysical Union as well as the highest scientific and civilian honors from India, such as the Bhatnagar Award and the Padmashri Award.