Finally,specificissuesinplanningandschedulingofPCBassem blyarediscussed. VIII Preface InChapter3variousbi-objectiveintegerprogrammingmodelsandso lutionapproachesarepresentedformachineloadingandassembly-routing inFASs. Aninteractiveprocedureisproposedforsimultaneousloadingand routingbasedonweightingapproachandalexicographicalgorithmisgiven forsequentialloadingandroutingwithalinearrelaxationloadingheuristic andanetworkflowroutingmodel. Numericalexamplesillustratepossible applicationsofthemodellingandsolutionapproachespresented. InChapter4thesequentialmodellingandsolutionapproachproposedin Chapter3hasbeenextendedforabicriterionmachineloadingandassembly routingwithsimultaneousassemblyplanselectioninageneralFASandina flexibleassemblyline. Numericalexamplesareprovidedtoillustratepossible applicationsoftheapproachproposed. Chapter5presentsmathematicalprogrammingformulationsforsimul taneousloadingandschedulinginflexibleassemblycells. Theformulations areillustratedwithpracticalapplicationsinmechanicalpartassemblywith arobotassemblycellandinPCBassemblyonacomponentplacementma chine. Chapter6isdevotedtoproductionschedulinginflexibleassemblylines whereseveralassemblystagesinseriesareeitherseparatedbyfiniteinter mediatebuffersortherearenobuffersbetweenthestages,andeachstage consistsofoneormoreidenticalparallelmachines. Fastpush-typeschedul ingheuristicsareproposedforthelinewithlimitedintermediatebuffersor thelinewithnoin-processbuffers. Foracomparison,apull-typeschedul ingstrategyisillustratedwithsomerecentresultsfortheJust-In-Timeand multilevelschedulingofflexibleassemblylines. Numericalexamplesprovide thereaderwithpossibleapplicationsofthevariousmodellingandsolution approachespresented. InChapter7simultaneousschedulingofassemblystationsandautomated guidedvehiclesisdiscussedforageneralFASandtwodifferentsolutionap proachesarepresented:(i)amulti-levelapproach,inwhichfirstmachine loadingandassemblyroutingproblemissolvedandthen,giventaskassign mentsandassemblyroutesselected,detailedmachineandvehicleschedules aredetermined;(ii)asingle-levelapproach,inwhichmachineandvehicle schedulesaredirectlydeterminedwithnoinitialloadingandroutingdeci sionsrequired. Foreachapproachaschedulingalgorithmbasedondynamic complexdispatchingrulesisproposedandnumericalexamplesareprovided toillustrateandcomparethetwoschedulingapproaches. Thematerialpresentedinthebookisillustratedwithnumerousexamples, figuresandextensivetables. Thereaderisprovidedwithdetailedmathemat icalmodelsoftheFASplanningandschedulingproblemsanddescriptions ofthesolutionalgorithmsproposed. Theirapplicationsareillustratedwith manynumericalexamplesandresultsofvariouscomputationalexperiments withthemodelsandalgorithmsarereported. Preface IX Thebookisaimedprimarilyatstudentsandprofessionalsinproduction andoperationsmanagement,industrialandsystemsengineering,andauto matedmanufacturing. Thisbookbenefitedfromnumerousdiscussionswithmycolleagues. Pro fessorAndreasDrexlandDr. RainerKolischfromtheChristian-Albrechts UniversityofKieldeservespecialthanksforthecarefulreadingofvarious partsofthemanuscriptandtheirvaluablecomments. ThebookhasbeenpreparedwithpartialsupportbyKBNresearchgrant #8TllF01513,AGHgrant#10. 200. 10,andTEMPUS-PHAREproject #S_JEP-09434-95. TadeuszSawik DepartmentofComputerIntegratedManufacturing FacultyofManagement UniversityofMiningandMetallurgy Krakow,Poland TableofContents 1. FlexibleAssemblySystems-HardwareComponentsand Features. 1 1. 1 BasiccomponentsofaFAS. 1 1. 1. 1Robots. 1 1. 1. 2 PeripheraJequipment. 4 1. 2 Classificationof'flexibleassemblysystems 5 1. 3 Examplesofindustrialinstallations. 8 1. 3. 1 Mechanicalassembly. 8 1. 3. 2 Printedcircuitboardassembly. 9 2. IssuesinDesign,PlanningandSchedulingofFlexible Assembly. 17 2. 1 FASdesignissues. 18 2. 2 Networkdesignformaterialflowsystems. 22 2. 3 Designforassembly. 27 2. 4 Assemblyplanning 30 2. 5 Planningandscheduling. 32 2. 5. 1 Machineloadingandassemblyrouting. 35 2. 5. 2 Machineandvehiclescheduling 37 2. 5. 3 Planningandschedulinginelectronicsassembly. 38 3. LoadingandRoutingDecisionsinFlexibleAssembly Systems 41 3. 1 Descriptionofaflexibleassemblysystem. 43 3. 2 Optimizationofstationworkloadsandproductmovements. 44 3. 3 Designandbalancingofflexibleassemblylines. 50 3. 4 Numericalexamples 52 3. 5 Simultaneousloadingandrouting 56 3. 5. 1 Problemformulations. 56 3. 5. 2 Aninteractiveheuristicforloadingandrouting 60 3. 5. 3 Numericalexamples. 61 3. 6 Sequentialloadingandrouting. 68 3. 6. 1 Problemformulations.
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1. Flexible Assembly Systems — Hardware Components and Features.- 1.1 Basic components of a FAS.- 1.2 Classification of flexible assembly systems.- 1.3 Examples of industrial installations.- 2. Issues in Design, Planning and Scheduling of Flexible Assembly.- 2.1 FAS design issues.- 2.2 Network design for material flow systems.- 2.3 Design for assembly.- 2.4 Assembly planning.- 2.5 Planning and scheduling.- 3. Loading and Routing Decisions in Flexible Assembly Systems.- 3.1 Description of a flexible assembly system.- 3.2 Optimization of station workloads and product movements.- 3.3 Design and balancing of flexible assembly lines.- 3.4 Numerical examples.- 3.5 Simultaneous loading and routing.- 3.6 Sequential loading and routing.- 4. Loading and Routing Decisions with Assembly Plan Selection.- 4.1 Simultaneous loading, routing and assembly plan selection in a general flexible assembly system.- 4.2 Simultaneous loading, routing and assembly plan selection in a flexible assembly line.- 5. Loading and Scheduling in Flexible Assembly Cells.- 5.1 Loading and scheduling in a robot assembly cell.- 5.2 Loading and sequencing in printed circuit board assembly.- 6. Production Scheduling in Flexible Assembly Lines.- 6.1 Flexible assembly line with limited intermediate buffers.- 6.2 Flexible assembly line with no in-process buffers.- 6.3 Global lower bounds for flexible flow lines with unlimited buffers.- 6.4 Just-in-time scheduling of flexible assembly lines.- 6.5 Multilevel scheduling of flexible assembly lines with limited intermediate buffers.- 7. Machine and Vehicle Scheduling in Flexible Assembly Systems.- 7.1 Dispatching scheduling.- 7.2 Machine and vehicle scheduling — a multi-level approach.- 7.3 Machine and vehicle scheduling — a single-level approach.- References.
