Workbook with Detailed Examples
E-Book, Englisch, 256 Seiten
ISBN: 978-3-7526-7709-6
Verlag: Books on Demand
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Prof. Dr. habil. Jutta Arrenberg Professor of Mathematics and Statistics at the TH-Köln
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Title Page;4
2;Copyright;5
3;Preface;8
4;Table of Contents;10
5;1. Introduction;16
5.1;1.1 Levels of Variables;16
5.2;1.2 Types of Variables;17
5.3;1.3 Dimensions of a Data Set;18
5.4;1.4 Export to WORD;18
5.5;1.5 Summary;20
6;2. Statistical Analysis;22
6.1;2.1 Statistical Tests;23
6.2;2.2 Summary;24
7;3. Test Of Stochastic Independence;26
7.1;3.1 Pearson Chi-Square Test;29
7.2;3.2 Summary;36
7.3;3.3 SPSS Commands;36
7.3.1;3.3.1 Pearson Chi-Square Test;36
7.3.2;3.3.2 How to Select Cases;38
7.3.3;3.3.3 How to Class Cases;39
8;4. Measures of Association;42
8.1;4.1 Bravais-Pearson Correlation Coefficient;42
8.2;4.2 Spearman’s rank correlation;43
8.3;4.3 Kendall’s tau-b;48
8.4;4.4 Gamma Coefficient;54
8.5;4.5 Coefficient of Contingency;56
8.6;4.6 Summary;58
8.7;4.7 SPSS Commands;60
8.7.1;4.7.1 Recoding data;60
8.7.2;4.7.2 Correlation Coefficient of Bravais-Pearson;60
8.7.3;4.7.3 Spearman’s-rho;61
8.7.4;4.7.4 Kendall’s tau-b;62
8.7.5;4.7.5 Gamma;66
8.7.6;4.7.6 Coefficient of Contingency;66
9;5. Goodness-of-Fit Test Normal Distribution;68
9.1;5.1 Lilliefors Test;69
9.2;5.2 Shapiro-Wilk Test;72
9.3;5.3 Jarque-Bera Test;73
9.4;5.4 Histogram versus Normal Distribution;78
9.5;5.5 Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function versus Normal Distribution;79
9.6;5.6 Quantile-Quantile Plot;81
9.7;5.7 Summary;83
9.8;5.8 SPSS Commands;85
9.8.1;5.8.1 Lilliefors Test;85
9.8.2;5.8.2 Shapiro-Wilk Test;86
9.8.3;5.8.3 Histogram versus Normal Distribution;87
9.8.4;5.8.4 Empirical c.d.fversus Normal c.d.f;88
9.8.5;5.8.5 QQ-Plot;89
10;6. Test of the Homogeneity of Two Variances;90
10.1;6.1 Levene Test;90
10.2;6.2 Summary;93
10.3;6.3 SPSS Commands;93
11;7. Test on TwoMeans;96
11.1;7.1 Two-sided t-Test;96
11.2;7.2 Two-sided Welch Test;99
11.3;7.3 One-sided t-Test and One-sided Welch Test;102
11.4;7.4 Summary;106
11.5;7.5 SPSS Commands;107
12;8. Regression Analysis;112
12.1;8.1 Multiple Linear Regression;112
12.1.1;8.1.1 One Independent Variable;114
12.1.2;8.1.2 Two Or More Independent Variables;123
12.1.3;8.1.3 Multiple Correlation Coefficient;124
12.1.4;8.1.4 Adjusted R-Square;125
12.1.5;8.1.5 Multicollinearity;127
12.1.6;8.1.6 Forecasting;129
12.1.7;8.1.7 Heteroscedasticity;130
12.1.8;8.1.8 Testing in Linear Regression Models;131
12.1.9;8.1.9 Summary;136
12.1.10;8.1.10 SPSS-Commands Multiple Linear Regression;138
12.2;8.2 Binary Logistic Regression;144
12.2.1;8.2.1 SPSS-Commands Binary Logistic Regression;146
12.3;8.3 Multinomial Logistic Regression;149
12.3.1;8.3.1 SPSS-Commands Multinomial Logistic Regression;153
12.4;8.4 Ordinal Regression;157
12.4.1;8.4.1 SPSS-Commands Ordinal Regression;162
12.5;8.5 Summary;166
13;9. Graphical Summaries of Data;168
13.1;9.1 Scatter Plot;168
13.2;9.2 Bar Charts;171
13.3;9.3 Pie Chart;173
13.4;9.4 Boxplot (Whisker-Plot);175
14;10. Analysis of Variance;180
14.1;10.1 Three or More Groups;180
14.2;10.2 Special Case: Two Groups;183
14.3;10.3 Summary;186
14.4;10.4 SPSS-Commands;186
14.4.1;10.4.1 Compare Two Means;186
14.4.2;10.4.2 Compare Three or More Means;188
15;11. Kruskal-Wallis Test;190
15.1;11.1 Summary;193
15.2;11.2 SPSS-Commands;195
16;12. Principal Components Analysis;196
16.1;12.1 Univariate Data Set;196
16.2;12.2 Bivariate Data Set;196
16.3;12.3 Multivariate Data Set;202
16.4;12.4 Summary;206
16.5;12.5 SPSS-Commands;207
16.5.1;12.5.1 Principal Components Analysis;207
16.5.2;12.5.2 Order Based on the First Principal Component;209
16.5.3;12.5.3 Scatter Plot with the First Two Principal Components;210
17;13. Cluster Analysis;212
17.1;13.1 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis;212
17.2;13.2 K-Means Cluster Analysis;224
17.3;13.3 Two-Step Cluster Analysis;232
17.4;13.4 Summary;235
17.5;13.5 SPSS-Commands;236
17.5.1;13.5.1 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis;236
17.5.2;13.5.2 K-Means Cluster Analysis;237
17.5.3;13.5.3 Two-Step Cluster Analysis;238
18;14. Summary;240
18.1;14.1 Overview of Questions;240
18.2;14.2 Overview of the Levels of the Variables;243
19;A. Quantils of theNormal Distribution;248
20;B. Literature;252
21;C. Online Course Materials;254
22;D. Index;255