Cohen Matthew and the Mishnah

Redefining Identity and Ethos in the Shadow of the Second Temple's Destruction
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-16-154810-9
Verlag: Mohr Siebeck
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 655 Seiten

Reihe: Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Akiva Cohen investigates the general research question: how do the authors of religious texts reconstruct their community identity and ethos in the absence of their central cult? His particular socio-historical focus of this more general question is: how do the respective authors of the Gospel according to Matthew, and the editor(s) of the Mishnah redefine their group identities following the destruction of the Second Temple? The author further examines how, after the Destruction, both the Matthean and the Mishnaic communities found and articulated their renewed community bearings and a new sense of vision through each of their respective author/redactor's foundational texts. The context of this study is thus that of an inner-Jewish phenomenon; two Jewish groups seeking to (re-)establish their community identity and ethos without the physical temple that had been the cultic center of their cosmos. Cohen's interest is in how each of these communities (the Matthean and Mishnaic/Rabbinic-related ones) underwent a reformulation of their identity as Israel, and the consequent ethos that resulted from their respective reformulations.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cohen, Akiva

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien Heilige & Traditionstexte: Torah, Talmud, Mischna, Halacha
• Geisteswissenschaften Religionswissenschaft Religionswissenschaft Allgemein Vergleichende Religionswissenschaft
• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien Jüdische Identität & Biographien
• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien Rabbinische Literatur
• Geisteswissenschaften Christentum, Christliche Theologie Bibelwissenschaften Neues Testament: Exegese, Geschichte

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Acknowledgments;6
3;Table of Contents;10
4;List of Abbreviations;16
5;List of Illustrations;20
6;Chapter 1: Methodological Issues;22
6.1;1.1 Research Questions;22
6.1.1;1.1.1 Recent Scholarship on the Impact of the Destruction of the Second Temple;26
6.1.2;1.1.2 The Focus of My Study;33
6.2;1.2 The Warrants for Comparing the Gospel according to Matthew and the Mishnah;34
6.3;1.3 Matthew’s Gospel and the Sectarian Documents from Qumran;39
6.4;1.4 Some Methodological Clarifications;43
6.5;1.5 Why Is Such a Study Necessary?;51
7;Chapter 2: Matthew’s Gospel: Introductory Matters;53
7.1;2.1 Authorship: The First Gospel’s Title in the Manuscript Tradition, Internal and External Evidence;53
7.1.1;2.1.1 The Gospel’s Title;53
7.1.2;2.1.2 Internal Evidence;55
7.1.3;2.1.3 External Evidence;60
7.2;2.2 Date;61
7.3;2.3 Ignatius’s Dependence upon Matthew and a Later Dating for the Ignatian Epistles?;77
7.4;2.4 Language;80
7.5;2.5 Sources;88
7.6;2.6 The Gospels, Q, and Oral Tradition;99
7.7;2.7 Genre;101
7.8;2.8 Location;104
7.9;2.9 Sociological Studies and Matthew’s Audience;108
7.10;2.10 Matthew’s Audience;110
8;Chapter 3: Jewish Christianity: The Search for Appropriate Terminology and the Mattheans;121
8.1;3.1 The Implications of Methodological Approaches to ‘Jewish Christianity’ for Matthean Identity;121
8.2;3.2 Recent Discussions concerning Contextual Terminology;124
8.3;3.3 Daniel Boyarin’s View of the Term ‘Jewish Christianity’;130
8.4;3.4 Ethnicity and the Mattheans;141
9;Chapter 4: The Theological Orientation of Matthew’s Sources;145
9.1;4.1 The Theological Orientation of Matthew’s Main Literary Source: Mark;146
9.2;4.2 The Theological Orientation of Matthew’s Secondary Literary Source: Q;147
9.2.1;4.2.1 ‘Q Christians’ according to Christopher Tuckett;149
9.2.2;4.2.2 Tuckett’s Q Christians vis-à-vis the Pharisees;151
9.3;4.3 Matthew’s Sondergut: The Theological Character of M;154
10;Chapter 5: Locating the Mattheans within Their Late First-Century Context;160
10.1;5.1 Ulrich Luz’s Understanding of Matthean Jewish Christianity;163
10.2;5.2 Luz’s Understanding of the Fate of the Mattheans;171
10.3;5.3 Anders Runesson: Matthew’s Pharisaic Intragroup Conflict;173
10.3.1;5.3.1 Advancing the Discussion of the Mattheans’ Social Location;177
10.4;5.4 Jewish Christian Liturgy and the Mattheans;185
10.5;5.5 The Mattheans and the Mission to the Gentiles;195
10.6;5.6 The Mattheans, Gentiles, Circumcision, and Ethnic Distinction;207
10.7;5.7 Bilateral Halakic Standards for Jewish and Non-Jewish Community Members;224
10.8;5.8 The Mattheans and Table Fellowship with Non-Jewish Community Members;229
10.9;5.9 Summary Thoughts concerning the Mattheans;232
11;Chapter 6: Matthew and the Temple;244
11.1;6.1 Matthean Terms Related to the Temple;244
11.2;6.2 Passages in Matthew Related to the Temple;245
11.2.1;6.2.1 Passage One: Matt 4 : 5 (Matt 4:1–11/Mark 1:12–13/Luke 4:1–13);245
11.2.1.1;6.2.1.1 Sources;246
11.2.1.2;6.2.1.2 Comments;247
11.2.2;6.2.2 Passage Two: Matt 5:23–24 (No Parallels);250
11.2.2.1;6.2.2.1 Sources;251
11.2.2.2;6.2.2.2 Comments;252
11.2.3;6.2.3 Passage Three: Matt 8:4 (Matt 8:1–4; Mark 1:40–45; Luke 5:12–16);256
11.2.3.1;6.2.3.1 Sources;257
11.2.3.2;6.2.3.2 Comments;257
11.2.4;6.2.4 Passage Four: Matt 12:6 (Matt 12:1–8/Mark 2:23–28/Luke 6:1–5);259
11.2.4.1;6.2.4.1 Sources;260
11.2.4.2;6.2.4.2 Comments;260
11.2.5;6.2.5 Passage Five: Matt 17:24–27 (No Parallels);264
11.2.5.1;6.2.5.1 Sources;265
11.2.5.2;6.2.5.2 Comments;266
11.2.5.3;6.2.5.3 The Parable in Its Second Temple Era Context;270
11.2.5.4;6.2.5.4 The Temple-Tax Pericope in Its Post-Destruction Context;282
11.2.6;6.2.6 Passage Six: Matt 21:12–17 (Mark 11:11, 15–17/Luke 19:45–46/John 2:13–17);287
11.2.6.1;6.2.6.1 Sources;287
11.2.6.2;6.2.6.2 Comments;288
11.2.7;6.2.7 Passage Seven: Matt 21:23 (Matt 21:23–27/Mark 11:27–33/Luke 20:1–8);297
11.2.7.1;6.2.7.1 Sources;298
11.2.7.2;6.2.7.2 Comments;298
11.2.8;6.2.8 Passage Eight: Matt 22:7 (Matt 22:1–14; Luke 14:16–24);298
11.2.8.1;6.2.8.1 Sources;299
11.2.8.2;6.2.8.2 Comments;300
11.2.9;6.2.9 Passage Nine: Matt 23:16–22 (Mark 12:37b–40/Luke 20:45–47);306
11.2.9.1;6.2.9.1 Sources;306
11.2.9.2;6.2.9.2 Comments;307
11.2.10;6.2.10 Passage Ten: Matt 23:34–39 (Luke 11:49–51; 13:34–35);308
11.2.10.1;6.2.10.1 Sources;309
11.2.10.2;6.2.10.2 Comments;309
11.2.11;6.2.11 Passage Eleven: Matt 24:1–2 (Mark 13:1–2/Luke 21:5–6);314
11.2.11.1;6.2.11.1 Sources;314
11.2.11.2;6.2.11.2 Comments;315
11.2.12;6.2.12 Passage Twelve: Matt 24:15–22, 28 (Mark 13:14–20; Luke 21:20–24, cf. 19:43–44; 17:31, 37);323
11.2.12.1;6.2.12.1 Sources;323
11.2.12.2;6.2.12.2 Comments;323
11.2.13;6.2.13 Passage Thirteen: Matt 26:55 (Matt 26:47–56; Mark 14:43–52; Luke 22:47–53; cf. John 18:2–12, [36, 20]);329
11.2.13.1;6.2.13.1 Sources;329
11.2.13.2;6.2.13.2 Comments;329
11.2.14;6.2.14 Passage Fourteen: Matt 26:61 (Matt 26:57–68; Mark 14:53–65; Luke 22:54–71; cf. John 18:13–24);330
11.2.14.1;6.2.14.1 Sources;331
11.2.14.2;6.2.14.2 Comments;331
11.2.15;6.2.15 Passage Fifteen: Matt 27:3–10 (No Parallels, but cf. Acts 1:18–19);332
11.2.15.1;6.2.15.1 Sources;333
11.2.15.2;6.2.15.2 Comments;333
11.2.16;6.2.16 Passage Sixteen: Matt 27:38–43 (Mark 15:27–32a; Luke 23:35–38; cf. John 19:18; 19:29; 19:19);335
11.2.16.1;6.2.16.1 Sources;336
11.2.16.2;6.2.16.2 Comments;336
12;Chapter 7: Approaching First-Century Synagogues;338
12.1;7.1 Some Methodological Caveats Related to the Study of First-Century Synagogues;338
12.2;7.2 The Origins and Functional Character of Ancient Synagogues;344
13;Chapter 8: The Mishnah;349
13.1;8.1 Introductory Matters;349
13.1.1;8.1.1 Literary Structure and Authorship;349
13.1.2;8.1.2 The Mishnah’s Temple-Related Discourse;351
13.1.3;8.1.3 The Historical and Aggadic Origins of the Mishnah;354
13.2;8.2 The Origin of the Mishnah in Biblical Interpretation;356
13.3;8.3 Summary of the Traditional Views regarding the Origin of the Mishnah;358
13.3.1;8.3.1 From Oral Tradition to Authoritative Written Text;359
13.3.2;8.3.2 The Mishnah and Orality;361
13.3.3;8.3.3 Jacob Neusner’s Evidence for the Mishnah;364
13.4;8.4 Summarizing Neusner’s Oeuvre and Ongoing Research on the Mishnah and the Rabbinic Corpus;369
13.5;8.5 Pre-70 Halakah;377
13.6;8.6 Interim Category-Formation: The Halakah between the Wars of 66–70 and 132–135;379
13.7; 8.7 The Mid-Second Century Fully-Developed Halakic System of the Mishnah;381
13.8;8.8 Ritual Grammar of the Mishnah: Transforming the Temple-Cult into Ritual Language;383
13.9;8.9 Critics of Neusner’s Approach to the Mishnah;386
13.10;8.10 Summary Thoughts on My Approach to the Mishnah;392
13.11;8.11 The Tosefta;393
13.11.1;8.11.1 The Purpose and Redactional Character of the Tosefta;394
13.11.2;8.11.2 The Origin of the Tosefta;395
13.11.3;8.11.3 The Printed Editions of the Mishnah and Tosefta;396
14;Chapter 9: The Myth of Yavneh and the Taqqanôt of Rabban Yoanan ben Zakkai;398
14.1;9.1 The Myth of Yavneh;398
14.2;9.2 Rabban Yoanan ben Zakkai’s Taqqanôt;401
14.3;9.3 Summary Thoughts concerning Ritual Transformations at Yavneh and in the Mishnah;411
15;Chapter 10: Entrance to the Forbidden City: The Utopian Temple of Rabbinic Imaginings;418
15.1;10.1 The Temple-Related Theology of the Mishnah;420
15.2;10.2 The Mishnah in Context;421
15.3;10.3 Selected Readings from the Mishnah;427
15.4;10.4 The Mishnah as a Foundational Document;427
15.5;10.5 Tannaitic Reactions to the Loss of the Temple;429
15.6;10.6 Does the Mishnah Express Hope for a Rebuilt Temple?;440
15.7;10.7 The Temple and Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Mishnah;443
16;Chapter 11: The Mishnah’s Transformation of Temple Sacrality;446
16.1;11.1 From Sacrifice to Prayer: The Temporal Transference of the Temple’s Sacrality within Jewish Liturgy;446
16.2;11.2 The Relationship between the Bet Midrash and the Synagogue;456
16.2.1;11.2.1 One Building or Two?;458
17;Chapter 12: The Spatial Transference of the Temple’s Sacrality;461
17.1;12.1 The Sacrality of the Bet Midrash;462
17.2;12.2 A Microcosm of a Three-Fold ‘Parting of the Ways’ Model;466
17.3;12.3 The Transference of Holy Space: The Influence of the Temple upon Synagogue Architecture and Symbolism;468
17.4;12.4 The Transference of Holy Space: Mishnah, Ritual, and Symbolic Synagogue Art;480
17.4.1;12.4.1 The Role of the Priests in the Synagogue;480
17.4.2;12.4.2 The Waving of the Lulab;489
17.4.3;12.4.3 The Counting of the Omer;489
17.4.4;12.4.4 The Recitation of the Hallel;490
17.4.5;12.4.5 Public Fast Days;491
17.4.6;12.4.6 The Ner Tamid and Artistic Renditions of Menorot;492
17.4.7;12.4.7 The Shofar;495
17.4.8;12.4.8 Synagogue Sacrality;497
18;Chapter 13: Ways in Which the Tannaim Adapted the Daily Life of the People of Israel to Post-Destruction Realities;501
18.1;13.1 Modification of Agricultural Laws;501
18.2;13.2 Conclusion;510
19;Chapter 14: Matthew and the Mishnah in the Shadow of the Temple’s Destruction;511
19.1;14.1 Matthew and the Mishnah: Different Paths to Sacred Ground;511
19.2;14.2 The Temple and the Qodeš ha-Qôd?šîm in the Mishnah;512
19.3;14.3 A Side-Glance at Emerging Temple-Symbolism in Antique Synagogues;516
19.4;14.4 The Torn paroket of the Matthean Temple;524
19.5;14.5 Passage Seventeen: Matt 27:45–54 (Mark 15:33–39/Luke 23:44–48/John 19:28–30);525
19.5.1;14.5.1 Sources;526
19.5.2;14.5.2 Comments;527
19.6;14.6 Divergent Paths to Israel’s Sanctification;537
20;Appendix: The Seat of Moses;553
21;Bibliography;560
22;Index of Sources;628
22.1;1. Hebrew Bible;628
22.2;2. Septuagint;631
22.3;3. Old Testament Pseudepigrapha;632
22.4;4. Philo of Alexandria;632
22.5;5. Josephus;632
22.6;6. Qumran;633
22.7;7. New Testament;633
22.8;8. Apostolic Fathers;637
22.9;9. Church Fathers;637
22.10;10. Jewish Writings;638
22.10.1;Mishnah;638
22.10.2;Tosefta;641
22.10.3;Jerusalem Talmud;641
22.10.4;Babylonian Talmud;642
22.10.5;Midrashim;643
22.10.6;Targum;643
22.11;11. Classical Authors;644
23;Index of Modern Authors;646

Über Autor(innen)

Cohen, Akiva
Born 1960; Bachelor of Religious Studies, Tyndale College, Toronto, Canada; Master of Arts, Trinity International University, Deerfield, Ill., USA; 2008 PhD, Tel Aviv University, Israel; has taught New Testament studies at Jerusalem University College, and Ben Gurion University in the Deichmann Program for Jewish and Christian Literature of the Hellenistic-Roman Era, Israel.