Fangerau / Geisler / Halling Classification and Evolution in Biology, Linguistics and the History of Science

Concepts – Methods – Visualization
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-3-515-10589-7
Verlag: Franz Steiner
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Deutsch, Band 5, 198 Seiten

Reihe: Kulturanamnesen

While Darwin’s grand view of evolution has undergone many changes and shown up in many facets, there remains one outstanding common feature in its 150-year history: since the very beginning, branching trees have been the dominant scheme for representing evolutionary processes. Only recently, network models have gained ground reflecting contact-induced mixing or hybridization in evolutionary scenarios. In biology, research on prokaryote evolution indicates that lateral gene transfer is a major feature in the evolution of bacteria. In the field of linguistics, the mutual lexical and morphosyntactic borrowing between languages seems to be much more central for language evolution than the family tree model is likely to concede. In the humanities, networks are employed as an alternative to established phylogenetic models, to express the hybridization of cultural phenomena, concepts or the social structure of science. However, an interdisciplinary display of network analyses for evolutionary processes remains lacking. Therefore, this volume includes approaches studying the evolutionary dynamics of science, languages and genomes, all of which were based on methods incorporating network approaches.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fangerau, Heiner

Geisler, Hans

Halling, Thorsten

Martin, William

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Evolutionsbiologie
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Allgemeines Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Formalen Wissenschaften & Technik
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Sprachwissenschaften Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Geschichtliche Themen Wissenschafts- und Universitätsgeschichte
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Geschichte der Biowissenschaften, Biologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Table of Contents;6
2;Foreword;8
3;1. Networks and evolution in the history of science;10
3.1;Evolution of knowledge from a network perspective;12
3.2;Bridging disciplines;34
3.3;Historical network analysis can be used to construct a social network of 19th-century evolutionists;46
3.4;Translating natural selection: true concept, but false term?;68
3.5;The mapping of human biological and linguistic diversity: a bridge between the sciences and humanities;98
4;2. Phylogenetic classifications and network approaches in linguistics;110
4.1;Do languages grow on trees?;112
4.2;Lexicostatistics as a basis for language classification;126
4.3;Analyzing Dialects Biologically;148
4.4;Reconstructing the lateral component of language history and genome evolution using network approaches;164
4.5;A preliminary case for exploratory networks in biology and linguistics: the phonetic network of chinese words as a case study;182
5;Authors;198

Über Autor(innen)

Fangerau, Heiner
Heiner Fangerau ist Direktor des Instituts für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte sind die Geschichte der Medizinischen Diagnostik, Historische Netzwerkanalysen und die Medizin im Nationalsozialismus.