Ghosh Technology of Polymer Packaging

1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-56990-577-7
Verlag: Hanser Publications
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 136 Seiten

Food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, home-care materials, and many more essential products for modern life: all require appropriate packaging, and polymers very often provide the optimal solution. Based on the author's popular course on polymer packaging at the University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Technology of Polymer Packaging provides an essential, user-friendly introduction to the field of polymer packaging suitable for students, people in industry, and particularly all those who deal with packaging but have a background other than that of a polymer technologist or packaging specialist.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ghosh, Arabinda

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;9
2;Acknowledgements;11
3;Contents;13
4;Abbreviations;17
5;1 Basics of Polymer Packaging;21
5.1;1.1 Definition of Polymers;21
5.2;1.2 Manufacturing of Polymer Resins;21
5.3;1.3 Classification of Plastics: Molecular Structure;23
5.4;1.4 Plastics Additives;24
5.4.1;1.4.1 Usual Additives in the Packaging Sector;25
5.4.1.1;1.4.1.2 Light Stabilizer;25
5.4.1.2;1.4.1.3 PVC Stabilizer;25
5.4.1.3;1.4.1.4 Antiblock Agents;26
5.4.1.4;1.4.1.5 Antifog Agents;26
5.4.1.5;1.4.1.6 Nucleating Agents;26
5.4.1.6;1.4.1.7 Lubricants as Processing Aids;26
5.4.1.7;1.4.1.8 Slip Agents;26
5.4.1.8;1.4.1.9 Antistatic Agents;27
5.4.1.9;1.4.1.10 Colorants;27
5.4.1.10;1.4.1.11 Optical Brighteners;27
5.4.1.11;1.4.1.12 Chemical Blowing Agents;28
5.4.1.12;1.4.1.13 Antimicrobial Agents;28
5.5;1.5 Required Performance of Polymer Packaging;28
5.6;1.6 Different Types of Polymers Used for Packaging;29
5.6.1;1.6.1 Polyurethanes as Adhesives;31
5.7;1.7 Short Description of Some Polymers for Packaging Applications;32
5.8;1.8 Major Polymers Used in Packaging;36
5.8.1;1.8.1 Important Points for the Technologist;36
5.9;References;37
6;2 Manufacturing of
Polymer Packaging;39
6.1;2.1 Extrusion of Resins;39
6.1.1;2.1.1 Technology of Extrusion;40
6.1.1.1;2.1.2 Continuous Processes;46
6.1.1.1.1;2.1.2.1 Manufacturing of Blown Film;46
6.1.1.1.2;2.1.2.2 Manufacturing of Cast Film;50
6.1.1.1.3;2.1.2.3 Collapsible Tubes;54
6.1.1.1.4;2.1.2.4 Flexible Films for Packaging;59
6.1.1.2;2.1.3 Important Features for the Technologist;68
6.1.1.3;2.1.4 Discontinuous Processes;69
6.1.1.3.1;2.1.4.1 Injection Molding (IM);69
6.1.1.3.2;2.1.4.2 Injection Blow Molding (IBM);72
6.1.1.3.3;2.1.4.3 Extrusion Blow Molding (EBM);74
6.1.1.3.4;2.1.4.4 Stretch Blow Molding (SBM);76
6.1.1.3.5;2.1.4.5 Different Types of PET;80
6.1.1.3.6;2.1.4.6 Thermoforming;80
6.2;2.2 Sealing of Packages;91
6.2.1;2.2.1 Theory of Sealing;91
6.2.2;2.2.2 Principles of Heat Generation for Sealing of Packaging Materials;93
6.2.3;2.2.3 Technology of Sealing;94
6.2.3.1;2.2.3.1 Direct Heating Systems;95
6.2.3.2;2.2.3.2 Indirect Heating Systems;97
6.3;References;100
7;3 Converting of Polymer Packaging (Composite Packaging);103
7.1;3.1 Technology of Converting;102
7.1.1;3.1.1 Modes of Converting Packaging Material;104
7.1.2;3.1.2 Technology of Coating;105
7.1.2.1;3.1.2.1 Extrusion and Coextrusion Coating;105
7.1.2.2;3.1.2.2 Coating with Lacquer;106
7.1.2.3;3.1.2.3 Coating with Polymer Dispersion;108
7.1.3;3.1.3 Technology of Lamination;109
7.1.3.1;3.1.3.1 Extrusion and Coextrusion Lamination;110
7.1.3.2;3.1.3.2 Dry Lamination, Solvent Based;111
7.1.3.3;3.1.3.3 Dry Lamination, Solvent-Free Adhesive;115
7.1.3.4;3.1.3.4 Glue or Water-Based Lamination;117
7.1.3.5;3.1.3.5 Wax or Hot-Melt Lamination;118
7.1.4;3.1.4 Important Features for the Technologist;119
7.2;3.2 Vacuum Deposition of Ultrathin Layers;120
7.2.1;3.2.1 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Process:;121
7.2.2;3.2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Process;122
7.3;3.3 Radiation Upgrading of Packaging Material;124
7.3.1;3.3.1 Effect of Radiation on Plastics;124
7.4;3.4 Extended (Foamed) Packaging Materials;125
7.4.1;3.4.1 Physical Foaming with Gas;125
7.4.2;3.4.2 Chemical Nucleating Agents;126
7.4.3;3.4.3 Foam Extrusion;126
7.4.4;3.4.4 Foam Injection Molding;126
7.4.5;3.4.5 Foam Thermoforming;127
7.5;3.5 Special Topics;127
7.5.1;3.5.1 Sealing through Liquid and Dust;127
7.5.2;3.5.2 Transverse Sealing of Side-Folded Pouches;129
7.5.3;3.5.3 Weak Points of a Collapsible Polymer Tube;131
7.5.4;3.5.4 Pinholes in Packs;132
7.5.5;3.5.5 Complaint Management for New Technologists;133
7.6;References;134
8;Index;135

Leseproben

1 Definition of Polymers2 Manufacturing of Polymer Resins3 Classification of Polymers (Plastics)4 Plastics Additives5 Required Performances of a Plastic Packaging6 Polymers for Packaging7 Legislative aspects for Polymers8 Extruder – Polymer melting machine8.1 Technology of Extrusion and Co-extrusion8.2 Conti-Process8.2.1 Manufacturing of blown film (flexible films)8.2.2 Manufacturing of cast films8.2.2.1 Chillroll-films (flexible films)8.2.2.2 Calendering of sheets (rigid sheets)8.2.2.3 Water bath Sheets8.2.2.4 PVC-Sheets8.2.3 Tubes as Packaging material8.2.4 Special films8.2.4.1 Monolayer Films8.2.4.2 Multilayer films8.2.4.3 Oriented films8.2.4.4 Biaxial oriented films (sequentially and simultaneously)8.2.4.5 Double-Bubble Process8.2.4.6 Tripple-Bubble Process8.2.4.7 Shrink films8.2.4.8 Stretch films8.2.4.9 Extended films8.3 Disconti-Process8.3.1 Injection-Moulding8.3.2 Injection-Blow-Moulding8.3.3 Extrusion- and Coextrusion-Blow-Moulding8.3.4 Stretch Blow-Moulding8.3.5 Thermoforming8.3.5.1 Processing of Polymer Sheets8.3.5.2 Thermoforming Machines9 Technology of Sealing9.1 Direct Heating9.1.1 Heated Jaw Sealing9.1.2 Electrical Impuls Sealing9.1.3 Hot Air Sealing9.2 Indirect Heating9.2.1 Highfrequency-Sealing9.2.2 Ultrasonic Sealing9.2.3 Induction-SealingPart 3: Converting of Polymer Packaging (Composite Packaging)10 Technology of coating10.1 Extrusion Coating10.2 Coextrusion Coating10.3 Lacquering11 Laminating11.1 Extrusion Laminating11.2 Coextrusion Laminating11.3 Adhesive Laminating11.3.1 Solvent based Laminating11.3.2 Solventless Laminating12. Vacuum Deposition of Packaging Material12.1 Material and Substrates12.2 PVD-(Physical Vapour Deposition)12.2.1 El. Resistance Heating12.2.2 Electron Beam Gun12.2.3 Plasma Deposition12.3 CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition)12.3.1 Al- and Si-Oxides12.3.2 Organic SiloxanesPart 4: Special Topics13 Collapsible tubes14 Sealing problems in different Packages15 Composite bonding16 Migration and Permeation17 High Barrier Solutions