Krisberg / Marchionna / Hartney American Corrections

Concepts and Controversies
2. 2. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-1-5443-1824-0
Verlag: SAGE Publications
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 512 Seiten, EPUB

"It is a thorough and focused work on American corrections providing a solid opportunity for students to learn not only how the correctional system works but also to understand its ever increasing complexities."
                                                                                                                    —Dorie Astle, Southwestern Oklahoma State University
American Corrections, Second Edition offers students a contemporary, issues-oriented introduction that covers every aspect of corrections, prompting students to think critically about complex issues that are affecting the current U.S. correctional system. Incorporating the most recent theory, research, and data available, the Second Edition encourages students to explore the most interesting and progressive developments in correctional policy and practice. Authors Barry A. Krisberg, Susan Marchionna, and Christopher J. Hartney draw from years of professional experience to give students a practical knowledge of corrections, as well as provide a framework for thoughtful analysis into what is plaguing the American correctional system and a realistic exploration of the solutions that could make a difference.

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Autoren/Hrsg.

Krisberg, Barry A.

Marchionna, Susan

Hartney, Christopher

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I: History and Sentencing

Chapter 1: The Corrections System

Learning Objectives

A Legacy of Crisis and Turmoil

Corrections as a System

Corrections and Society

A Critical View of the System

A Keen Eye Toward the Future

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 2: A Historical Perspective on Punishment and Social Structure

Learning Objectives

Discerning Historical Constructs

Penance and Fines

Social Change in the Later Middle Ages

The Discovery of Imprisonment

Galley Slavery, Transportation, and the Emergence of Imprisonment

The Industrial Revolution and Corrections

Zebulon Brockway and the Rise of the Adult Reformatory

Corrections and the Progressive Era (1880–1920)

After the Progressive Era (1920–1960)

The Era of Civil Rights and Community Corrections (1960–1970)

The Prisons Explode (1970–1980)

The Demise of Rehabilitation and the Get-Tough Era (1970–Present)

The Return of Enlightened Corrections Policy

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 3: The Purpose of Punishment and Sentencing Trends

Learning Objectives

How Sentencing Works

The Presentence Report

Sentencing Theories

Contemporary Movements in Sentencing Laws and Policies

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Part II: Correctional Practice

Chapter 4: Jails

Learning Objectives

The Functions of Jails

Who Is in Jail?

Facts About Jails

Jail Administration

Jail Procedures

In-Custody Programs

Alternatives to Incarceration

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 5: Probation and Alternatives to Incarceration

Learning Objectives

What Is Probation?

Who Is on Probation?

A Brief History of Probation

Two Key Perspectives on Probation

Probation Administration

The Role of Probation Officers

Sentencing and Investigation

Supervision

Violation, Revocation, and Termination

Does Probation Work? Probation Research

Alternatives to Incarceration

Evaluating Alternatives to Incarceration

Cost Savings

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 6: Prisons

Learning Objectives

The Means to an End

Design of Prisons

What the Numbers Say

Prison Costs

The Federal System

State Prisons

Military Prisons and the War on Terror

Security Levels

The Supermax

Programs and Services

The Prison Environment

Discipline

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 7: Coming Home: Reentry and Parole

Learning Objectives

Parole as a Form of Community Corrections

The Early History of Parole

Parole Basics

Parole Authorities

The Challenges of Reentry

Reentry Data

Perspectives on the Current Purpose and Practice of Parole

What Works in Parole

Evidence-Based Practice and Parole

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 8: Juvenile Corrections

Learning Objectives

A Brief History

The Past 30 Years: More Cycles of Scandal and Reform

The Structure of the Juvenile Justice System

Characteristics of Juveniles in Custody

Overrepresentation of Youth of Color

Young Women and Juvenile Corrections

Recidivism Rates and Juvenile Corrections

Juvenile Corrections Fads

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 9: The Corrections Workforce

Learning Objectives

Corrections Work

Service Providers and Treatment in Custody

Why Corrections Work?

Characteristics of the Corrections Workforce

Correctional Staffing

Education and Training

The Correctional Hierarchy

Sustaining a Workforce

Job Stress

Progressive Developments in Leadership

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Part III: Critical Issues and Policy Questions

Chapter 10: Holding Corrections Accountable

Learning Objectives

State Regulatory Bodies

Professional Standards

Litigating in the Courts to Stop Abusive Practices

Legislating Reforms

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 11: Corrections and the Color Line

Learning Objectives

Measuring the Extent of the Problem

Race and Ethnicity Behind the Walls

African American Disproportion in the Criminal Justice System

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and the Corrections System

Native Americans and the Corrections System

Latinos and the Corrections System

Immigration and Incarceration

Understanding the Causes of Racial Disparity in Corrections

Racial Profiling

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 12: Women in the Corrections System

Learning Objectives

The “Pink Syndrome”

The Rising Tide of Incarcerated Women—What the Numbers Say

Young Women and the System

Women’s Pathways Into Crime

A Complex Mix of Risk Factors

Coping With Incarceration

Programs and Services

Operational Issues in Custody

Conditions of Confinement

Research on Women and the Justice System

Moving Forward With Research on Women

Prospects for Gender-Responsive Programming

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 13: Challenging and Vulnerable Populations

Learning Objectives

Prisons and Jails as Community Health Providers

A Wide Range of Medical Problems

Health Care Services

Mental Illness in Prisons and Jails

The Increasing Elderly Prison Population

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Inmates

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 14: Death Row and the Death Penalty

Learning Objectives

The Controversial Moral Imperative

The State of Capital Punishment

Characteristics of Death Row Inmates

Legal Challenges to the Death Penalty

Juveniles and the Death Penalty

The Death Sentence and Mental Competence

Innocence and Those Awaiting Executions

Costs of Capital Punishment

The Problem of Lethal Injection

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Part IV: The Effectiveness and Future of American Corrections

Chapter 15: The Privatization of Corrections

Learning Objectives

History and Functioning of Private Prisons

Major Private Prison Companies

How Private Prisons Function

Other Forms of Corrections Privatization

Private Prison Performance

Impact of Privatization on Local Economies

Privatization, Innovation, and Reform

The Profit Motive and Conflict of Interest

Contracting, Oversight, and Monitoring

Are Private Prisons Necessary?

Further Research

Summary

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Chapter 16: The Politics and Future of Mass Incarceration

Learning Objectives

Mass Incarceration and Electoral Politics

In Whose Interest?

An Opening to Change

What the Public Actually Thinks About Corrections Policy

Confronting the Politics of Mass Incarceration

Is Money the Currency of Reform?

Recruiting New Allies to Corrections Reform

Summary: The Way Forward

Discussion Questions

Key Terms

Notes

Digital Resources

Glossary

References

Index

About the Authors

Über Autor(innen)

Hartney, Christopher

Christopher Hartney is a senior researcher at the National Council on Crime and Delinquency in Oakland, California. He has worked with the organization since 2001, and has two decades of professional experience in research and statistics. Chris’ work at NCCD, funded by various federal, state, and local government agencies and philanthropic foundations, has included the national evaluation of the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative; bed space needs forecasts for youth tried as adults in Baltimore, Maryland and for juvenile justice-involved youth following system reforms in Arkansas; the development of a new approach to prison for young adults emphasizing intensive strengths-based rehabilitative and educational services in small secure facilities; a review of the causes and impacts of the decarceration of youth from California’s youth prison system; the national evaluation of Parents Anonymous; the potential cost savings of alternatives to incarceration for non-serious adult offenders; a Structured Decision Making system for the District of Columbia; the interplay of media coverage, public sentiment, data trends, and policymaking with regard to youth violence in major U.S. cities; and a survey of health care access for system-involved youth in 58 California counties. Chris has authored several NCCD publications documenting disproportionate representation of people of color in the justice system and other issues in justice and corrections, including spotlights on women, Native American youth, youth under 18 in the adult system, and international corrections. He is co-author of several peer-reviewed articles and has presented study findings before a variety of professional, governmental, and community groups. Before joining NCCD, his research work included educational assessment and health impacts in communities exposed to industrial accidents. Chris has a B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley and has completed all master’s level coursework in experimental psychology at San Francisco State University.

 

Marchionna, Susan

Susan Marchionna has a varied background in writing, publications, and communications in the criminal justice field. She has most recently consulted with the Earl Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy at UC Berkeley on a number of projects, such as developing evidence-based policy and procedures for the San Francisco Adult Probation Department. Other Warren projects include a probation caseload survey, evaluations of the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative, and brief analyses on policing and crime in California cities. In addition, Susan has worked with the MOSS Group on publications projects related to PREA compliance and sexual safety in institutions, She is serving as the Technical Editor for a new Desktop Guide Series being produced by the Nation Partnership for Juvenile Services in conjunction with OJJDP. Prior to her current consulting work, Susan was the Director of Communication at the National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD). There, she helped develop a series of Focus publications on various research topics. For the NCCD Centennial, Susan edited a collection of essays entitled, Continuing the Struggle for Justice. Susan is a graduate of UC Santa Cruz and a long-time resident of the San Francisco bay area.

 

Krisberg, Barry A.

Barry Krisberg (PhD, University of Pennsylvania) is a Senior Fellow at the Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy at the University of California, Berkeley Law School and a Lecturer in Residence at in the Juris Doctor Program at Berkeley Law. He is known nationally for his research and expertise on juvenile justice and corrections issues and is often called upon as a resource for professionals, foundations, and the media. Dr. Krisberg was appointed by the legislature to serve on the California Blue Ribbon Commission on Inmate Population Management. Past president and fellow of the Western Society of Criminology, he was Chair of the California Attorney General’s Research Advisory Committee. Dr. Krisberg was appointed to chair an Expert Panel to investigate the conditions in the California youth prisons. His many books and articles include Juvenile Justice and Continuing the Struggle for Justice, both published by SAGE.