Robertson Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System

3. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-12-386526-7
Verlag: Elsevier Reference Monographs
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 730 Seiten

The Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System presents, in a readable and accessible format, key information about how the autonomic nervous system controls the body, particularly in response to stress. It represents the largest collection of world-wide autonomic nervous system authorities ever assembled in one book. It is especially suitable for students, scientists and physicians seeking key information about all aspects of autonomic physiology and pathology in one convenient source. Providing up-to-date knowledge about basic and clinical autonomic neuroscience in a format designed to make learning easy and fun, this book is a must-have for any neuroscientist's bookshelf!
* Greatly amplified and updated from previous edition including the latest developments in the field of autonomic cardiovascular regulation and neuroscience
* Provides key information about all aspects of autonomic physiology and pathology
* Discusses stress and how its effects on the body are mediated
* Compiles contributions by over 140 experts on the autonomic nervous system

Autoren/Hrsg.

Robertson, David

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Preface;20
6;List of Contributors;22
7;I. Introduction;28
7.1;1 Development and Differentiation of Autonomic Neurons;30
7.1.1;Introduction;30
7.1.2;The ANS is Derived from Neural Crest Cells;30
7.1.3;Signaling Molecules Regulate the Developmental Processes of the ANS;30
7.1.4;Transcriptional Regulatory Code Underlying the Development and Phenotypic Specification of the ANS;31
7.1.4.1;Mash1 (also called Cash1);31
7.1.4.2;Phox2 Genes;32
7.1.4.3;GATA3;32
7.1.4.4;AP2(Activator Protein 2)ß;32
7.1.4.5;Other Transcription Factors;33
7.1.5;Neurotransmitter Phenotypes of the ANS;33
7.1.5.1;NA Phenotype;33
7.1.5.2;Control Mechanism of DBH Gene Expression is Closely Related to the ANS Development;33
7.1.5.3;Mutations of DBH Gene are Closely Associated with the Autonomic Disorder, Orthostatic Hypotension;33
7.1.5.4;Cholinergic Phenotype and the Switch of Neurotransmitter Phenotypes by Target Cell Interactions;34
7.1.6;Acknowledgements;34
7.1.7;References;34
7.2;2 Central Autonomic Control;36
7.2.1;Forebrain Components;36
7.2.1.1;Insular Cortex;36
7.2.1.2;Anterior Cingulate Cortex;36
7.2.1.3;Amygdala;36
7.2.1.4;Hypothalamus;36
7.2.2;Brainstem Components;37
7.2.2.1;Periaqueductal Gray;37
7.2.2.2;Parabrachial Complex and Adjacent Regions of the Pons;38
7.2.2.3;Nucleus of the Solitary Tract;38
7.2.2.4;Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla;38
7.2.2.5;Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla;38
7.2.2.6;Ventromedial Medulla and Caudal Raphe;38
7.2.3;Autonomic Output of the Central Nervous System;38
7.2.3.1;Sympathetic Preganglionic Units;38
7.2.3.2;Parasympathetic Outputs;38
7.2.3.2.1;Vagal Output;39
7.2.3.2.2;Sacral Parasympathetic Output;39
7.2.4;References;39
7.3;3 Imaging of Brainstem Sites Involved in Cardiovascular Control;40
7.3.1;Identification of Medullary Cardiovascular Nuclei in Experimental Animals;40
7.3.2;Identification of Medullary Cardiovascular Nuclei in Humans;40
7.3.3;References;43
7.4;4 Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System;44
7.4.1;Sympathetic Nervous system (See Fig. 4.1);44
7.4.2;Sympathoadrenal Axis and the Adrenal Gland;47
7.4.3;Parasympathetic Nervous System (See Fig. 4.1);48
7.4.4;The Concept of Plurichemical Transmission and Chemical Coding;49
7.4.5;Visceral Afferent Neurons and Autonomic Nervous System;50
7.4.6;Functional Neuroanatomy and Biochemical Pharmacology;51
7.4.7;Stress and Autonomic Dysfunction;52
7.4.8;References;52
7.4.9;Further Reading;53
7.5;5 Cotransmission;54
7.5.1;Early Studies;54
7.5.2;Sympathetic Nerves;54
7.5.3;Parasympathetic Nerves;55
7.5.4;Sensory-Motor Nerves;56
7.5.5;Enteric and Cardiac Nerves;56
7.5.6;Physiological Significance of Cotransmission;57
7.5.6.1;Cotransmitters with Different Firing Patterns;57
7.5.6.2;Different Cotransmitters act on Different Postjunctional Cells;57
7.5.6.3;Neuromodulation;57
7.5.6.4;Synergism;58
7.5.6.5;Negative Cross-Talk;59
7.5.6.6;Trophic Factors;59
7.5.6.7;Excitatory and Inhibitory Cotransmitters;59
7.5.6.8;False Cotransmitters;59
7.5.6.9;Coexisting Peptides Acting as Neuromodulators;59
7.5.7;Cotransmitter Plasticity;59
7.5.8;Concluding Comments;59
7.5.9;References;60
8;II. Biochemical and Pharmacological Mechanisms;62
8.1;6 Noradrenergic Neurotransmission;64
8.1.1;Catecholamines, and Catechols;64
8.1.2;Noradrenergic Innervation of the Cardiovascular System;64
8.1.3;Norepinephrine: the Main Sympathetic Cardiovascular Neurotransmitter;65
8.1.3.1;Norepinephrine Synthesis;65
8.1.3.2;Norepinephrine Storage;65
8.1.3.3;Norepinephrine Release;66
8.1.3.4;Norepinephrine Disposition;66
8.1.3.5;Norepinephrine Metabolism;68
8.1.4;Biomarkers of Sympathetic Noradrenergic Innervation and Function;69
8.1.5;NE and Metabolomics;69
8.1.6;Differential Noradrenergic vs. Adrenergic Activation in Stress;69
8.1.7;Further reading;70
8.2;7 Tyrosine Hydroxylase;72
8.2.1;Introduction;72
8.2.2;Diversity of Human TH Gene Expression;72
8.2.3;Congenital Disease Associated with TH Mutation;73
8.2.4;Gene Therapy with TH Ge