E-Book, Englisch, 296 Seiten
Reihe: Schriften des Zentrums für Europäische und Internationale Strafrechtsstudien.
A comparative analysis of pre-trial precautionary measures in criminal proceedings
E-Book, Englisch, 296 Seiten
Reihe: Schriften des Zentrums für Europäische und Internationale Strafrechtsstudien.
ISBN: 978-3-86234-967-8
Verlag: V&R unipress
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Kein
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Weitere Infos & Material
1;Title Page;3
2;Copyright;4
3;Table of Contents;5
4;Body;7
5;Acknowledgements;7
6;Renzo Orlandi: Introduction. The protection of the right to liberty and security in the field of pre-trial precautionary measures in criminal matters;9
6.1;Table of Abbreviations;9
7;Bibliography;14
8;I. The supranational frameworks A) The ECHR system of protection of personal freedom;15
9;Enrico Marzaduri: The application of pre-trial precautionary measures;17
9.1;Table of Contents;17
9.2;Table of Abbreviations;17
10;1. The aim of Article 5 ECHR: to ensure that no one is arbitrarily deprived of his liberty;18
11;2. The cases of arrest or detention during criminal proceedings;21
12;3. The reasonable suspicion of having committed an offence;22
13;4. The meaning of the other situations provided for by Article 5.1.(c) ECHR;24
14;5. The arbitrary deprivation of the accused's liberty;26
15;6. Reasonable grounds for justifying the continued deprivation of personal liberty;28
16;Bibliography;31
17;Paola Maggio: Judicial reviews against deprivation of liberty;33
17.1;Table of Contents;33
17.2;Table of Abbreviations;33
18;1. Grounds and reasons of arrest;33
19;2. The right to be brought promptly before a judicial authority and the need for subsequent reviews of the remand detention;35
20;3. The Habeas Corpus guarantee;38
20.1;3.1. The right to take proceedings under Article 5.4 ECHR ;38
20.2;3.2. Fair trial guarantees in the Habeas Corpus procedure;39
21;Bibliography;44
22;B) The harmonization at European Union level;45
23;Sabela Oubiña Barbolla: The European Arrest Warrant in Law and Practice;47
23.1;Table of Contents;47
23.2;Table of Abbreviations;47
24;1. Introduction: the EAW Framework Decision and its history;48
25;2. Competent judicial authorities;49
26;3. Scope of application;52
27;4. Grounds for refusal and other guarantees;55
28;5. EAW procedure;59
29;6. Personal reflection: usefulness of the EAW for future criminal justice cooperation instruments;62
30;Bibliography;63
31;Tommaso Rafaraci: The application of the principle of mutual recognition to decisions on supervision measures as an alternative to provisional detention;67
31.1;Table of Contents;67
31.2;Table of Abbreviations;67
32;1. Objectives of the FD 2009./829./JHA;67
33;2. Scope of application;70
34;3. Procedure of recognition;71
35;4. Execution of supervision measures and surrender of the person;74
36;5. Effectiveness of the new instrument;76
37;6. Mutual recognition and harmonization after the Treaty of Lisbon;78
38;Bibliography;82
39;II. The perspective of domestic legal systems;85
40;Richard Vogler: England and Wales;87
40.1;Table of Contents;87
40.2;Table of Abbreviations;87
41;1. The right to liberty;88
41.1;1.1. A history of the right to liberty;89
41.2;1.2. The current situation;92
42;2. Limitations to the right to liberty;94
42.1;2.1. Pre-trial supervision measures as an alternative to custody;94
42.2;2.2. Custody;95
43;3. Procedures;97
43.1;3.1. Domestic Procedures;97
43.2;3.2. International Procedures;100
44;4. Recent reform and proposals of reform;101
45;Bibliography;102
46;Arndt Sinn: Germany;105
46.1;Table of Contents;105
46.2;Table of Abbreviations;106
47;1. The right to liberty;106
47.1;1.1. Introduction;106
47.1.1;1.1.1. The goal of a criminal investigation;107
47.1.2;1.1.2. Stages of German criminal procedure;107
47.1.3;1.1.3. Constitutional guarantees of freedom of the person;107
47.2;1.2. History of the right to liberty;108
47.3;1.3. Current situation;109
48;2. Limitations to the right to liberty;110
48.1;2.1. Conditional release and supervision measures alternative to custody;111
48.2;2.2. Custody;111
48.2.1;2.2.1. Pre-trial detention and the presumption of innocence;111
48.2.2;2.2.2. Pre-trial detention's place in the criminal process;112
48.2.3;2.2.3. Substantive requirements for a detention order;113
48.2.3.1;2.2.3.1. Urgent suspicion;113
48.2.3.2;2.2.3.2. Grounds for detention;114
48.2.3.3;2.2.3.3. Detention for certain serious crimes;115
48.2.3.4;2.2.3.4. Detention and the risk of repeat offending;115
48.2.3.5;2.2.3.5. Proportionality;116
48.2.4;2.2.4. Detention of minors;116
49;3. Procedures;116
49.1;3.1. Domestic;116
49.1.1;3.1.1. Measures to secure the integrity of the criminal process;116
49.1.2;3.1.2. Execution of the arrest warrant;117
49.1.3;3.1.3. Challenging an arrest warrant;117
49.1.4;3.1.4. Lifting the detention order;118
49.2;3.2. International;118
50;4. The current direction of reform;119
51;5. Concluding remarks;119
52;Bibliography;120
53;Giuseppe Di Chiara: Italy;121
53.1;Table of Contents;121
53.2;Table of Abbreviations;122
54;1. The constitutional protection of personal freedom;122
54.1;1.1. The historical background: united Italy and the Albertine Statute;122
54.2;1.2. The current situation: the Constitution of 1948;123
54.2.1;1.2.1. Inviolability of personal freedom;123
54.2.2;1.2.2. Presumption of innocence and rule of treatment;125
55;2. Active enforcement: the system of personal precautionary measures;126
55.1;2.1. Non-custodial precautionary measures;126
55.2;2.2. Custodial precautionary measures;128
55.3;2.3. The operational core of the system;129
55.3.1;2.3.1. The requirement of proof: serious evidence of guilt;129
55.3.2;2.3.2. Precautionary needs;130
55.3.3;2.3.3. The selection criteria;131
56;3. Precautionary proceedings;132
56.1;3.1. Internal regulations;132
56.1.1;3.1.1. The procedural core: the principle of application, decision on custody and review examination;133
56.1.2;3.1.2. The mechanism for amending or revoking the measure;133
56.1.3;3.1.3. Contesting precautionary orders;134
56.1.3.1;3.1.3.1. Judicial complaint;134
56.1.3.2;3.1.3.2. Appeals against precautionary measures and appeal to the Court of Cassation;135
56.1.4;3.1.4. Remedies for false imprisonment;136
56.2;3.2. International relations: passive extradition and precautionary mechanisms;137
57;Bibliography;138
58;Víctor Moreno Catena: Spain;141
58.1;Table of Contents;141
58.2;Table of Abbreviations;142
59;1. The Right to Liberty;142
59.1;1.1. History of the Right to Liberty;143
59.2;1.2. Pre-trial detention and Habeas corpus;144
59.2.1;1.2.1. Provisional imprisonment;144
59.2.2;1.2.2. Habeas Corpus;146
59.3;1.3. Current situation;147
60;2. Theoretical framework: significance and procedural purpose of interim measures in criminal proceedings;150
60.1;2.1. Instrumentality and provisional nature of interim measures;152
60.2;2.2. Preconditions of interim measures: fumus boni iuris and periculum in mora;154
60.2.1;2.2.1. Fumus boni iuris and the presumption of innocence;154
60.2.2;2.2.2. Periculum in mora;159
60.2.3;2.2.3. Need for and proportionality of interim measures;161
61;3. Limitations on the right to liberty;162
61.1;3.1. Pre-trial supervision measures other than custody;162
61.1.1;3.2.1. Pre-trial release;163
61.2;3.2. Custody;164
61.2.1;3.2.1. Requirements for the application of remand detention;165
61.2.2;3.2.2. Time Limits;168
62;4. Procedures;169
62.1;4.1. Domestic Procedure;170
62.2;4.2. Court resolution granting an interim measure;172
62.3;4.3. International Procedure;175
63;5. Recent Reform and Proposals of Reform;177
63.1;5.1. Preventive Detention;177
63.2;5.2. Interim measures, protective measures and other measures;178
64;Bibliography;180
65;III. Comparative Analysis;183
66;Stefano Ruggeri: Personal Liberty in Europe. A comparative analysis of pre-trial precautionary measures in criminal proceedings;185
66.1;Table of Contents;185
66.2;Table of Abbreviations;186
67;1. Introduction. Pre-trial precautionary measures in a multilevel system of protection of personal freedom in Europe;186
68;2. The right to liberty in Europe;190
68.1;2.1. The historical development of the right to liberty in Europe;190
68.1.1;2.1.1. The physical liberty of the individual;190
68.1.2;2.1.2. The evolution of the right to liberty and the widening of its scope of application;192
68.1.2.1;2.1.2.1. The perspective of the domestic legal systems;192
68.1.2.2;2.1.2.2. The supranational context;196
68.2;2.2. The fundamental guarantees of protection of the right to liberty in Europe;199
68.2.1;2.2.1. The guarantee of lawfulness;199
68.2.2;2.2.2. Protection against arbitrariness;201
68.2.3;2.2.3. The judicial guarantee;204
68.2.4;2.2.4. The audi alteram partem rule;206
68.2.5;2.2.5. The Habeas corpus proceedings;208
68.3;2.3. Presumption of liberty and presumption of innocence;210
68.4;2.4. The requirement of proportionality;216
69;3. Interim restrictions on personal liberty;219
69.1;3.1. Pre-trial measures aimed at preventing precautionary risks;219
69.2;3.2. Justification of pre-trial measures;223
69.3;3.3. Reasoning of pre-trial orders imposing precautionary measures;230
69.4;3.4. Special regulations relating to serious crimes;233
70;4. Procedural safeguards;235
71;5. Conclusive remarks. The development of pre-trial precautionary measures and the approximation of the notions of personal liberty and security;239
72;Bibliography;241
73;IV. Annex;245
74;Questionnaire on Pre-trial Precautionary Measures in Criminal Proceedings. A comparison between England and Wales, Germany, Italy and Spain;247
74.1;1. The right to liberty and security;249
74.1.1;1.1. What protection does the right to liberty and security receive in your legal system?;249
74.1.2;1.2. Does your law grant the right to Habeas Corpus proceedings?;250
74.2;2. Types of pre-trial precautionary measures in criminal proceedings;253
74.2.1;2.1. What is meant by “pre-trial precautionary measures” in your legal system?;253
74.2.2;2.2. What position does remand detention occupy in your legal system in relation to the presumption of innocence?;255
74.2.3;2.3. Does your law provide for alternatives to custody? In the affirmative case, what kind of alternatives does your law permit and which fundamental rights do such measures limit or prejudice?;256
74.2.4;2.4. Does your legal system provide for special pre-trial measures and./or any special regulation of pre-trial measures with regard to specific forms of crime (juvenile crime, terrorism, organized crime etc.)?;259
74.3;3. The competent authority;262
74.3.1;3.1. Which kind of authority is competent to order pre-trial precautionary measures?;262
74.3.2;3.2. If your system requires judicial authority, does the judge intervene before or may he or she intervene after pre-trial measures have been ordered?;264
74.3.3;3.3. If your system requires the intervention of a judicial authority, is it a different authority from the one competent for criminal proceedings? If not, does your law contain any provision guaranteeing the impartiality of the judicial authority in both criminal and remand proceedings?;266
74.4;4. The procedure for ordering precautionary measures;268
74.4.1;4.1. May pre-trial measures be ordered ex officio? If not, does your law provide for any request to be made by the Prosecutor?;268
74.4.2;4.2. Does your law provide for any hearings of the person subject to pre-trial measures? In the affirmative case, which procedure does your law establish for such hearings?;269
74.4.3;4.3. Does your law grant the defendant the right to legal assistance during remand proceedings?;271
74.4.4;4.4. What kind of information does your law grant the defendant on remand and./or subject to alternatives to custody?;271
74.5;5. Justification;273
74.5.1;5.1. Which pre-conditions does your law require as a basis for ordering precautionary measures?;273
74.5.2;5.2. Are the conditions established for ordering pre-trial measures proportionate to the different limitations of fundamental rights imposed by them?;275
74.5.3;5.3. Do legal conditions have the same relevance throughout the remand proceedings?;276
74.6;6. The duration of precautionary measures;277
74.6.1;6.1. Which provisions ensure the continued lawfulness of pre-trial precautionary measures?;277
74.6.2;6.2. Does your law provide for periodic review of pre-trial precautionary measures by judicial authorities?;277
74.6.3;6.3. Does your legislation provide for maximum time limits of pre-trial measures?;279
74.7;7. Remedies;282
74.7.1;7.1. What remedies does your law grant to a defendant subject to a deprivation./restriction of his or her right to liberty?;282
74.7.2;7.2. Which rights are granted to a defendant through appeal against a remand decision?;284
74.7.3;7.3. May the appeal against a remand order coexist with a judicial review of the remand detention?;285
74.8;8. Pre-trial precautionary measures and criminal proceedings;285
74.8.1;8.1. May pre-trial precautionary measures be ordered at any stage of the criminal proceedings?;285
74.8.2;8.2. What influence do pre-trial orders and./or decisions of the criminal proceedings have on pre-trial precautionary measures?;286
74.8.3;8.3. Do the legal conditions governing pre-trial measures have the same relevance throughout criminal proceedings? If not, how does their effect vary according to the stage of the criminal proceedings?;290
74.8.4;8.4. Does the length of the criminal proceedings influence that of the precautionary measures?;290
74.8.5;8.5. May the duration of the precautionary measures influence that of the criminal proceedings?;291
74.8.6;8.6. Does a charge always accompany the imposition of pre-trial measures?;292
75;The Authors;295
