Thränhardt / Bommes National Paradigms of Migration Research

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-86234-093-4
Verlag: V&R unipress
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Kein

E-Book, Englisch, Band Band 013, 325 Seiten, Format (B × H): 158 mm x 240 mm

Reihe: Schriften des Instituts für Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien (IMIS).

Die differierenden Traditionen der Migrationsforschung in unterschiedlichen Ländern hängen eng mit nationalen Politikmustern und dem Selbstverständnis des jeweiligen Nationalstaats zusammen – entweder affirmativ verstärkend oder kritisch hinterfragend. Stellt man sie nebeneinander, so wird vieles fraglich und diskutierbar, was vorher selbstverständlich schien. Im vorliegenden Band werden die Migrationsforschungstraditionen in zwölf Ländern vorgestellt: den traditionellen Einwanderungsländern Kanada und Australien, vier europäischen Ländern mit inzwischen jahrzehntelanger Einwanderungserfahrung (Großbritannien, Deutschland, Österreich, Niederlande), den neuen Einwanderungsländern Italien, Polen und Japan und den postkolonialen Ländern Indien, Malaysia und Nigeria. Auf diese Weise öffnet der Band aus einer vergleichenden Perspektive heraus Wege zu einem besseren Verständnis unterschiedlicher Forschungstraditionen, und zwar über die traditionellen westlichen Diskussionszusammenhänge hinaus. Wir können die unterschiedlichen Muster der Inklusion und Exklusion von Einwanderern und der intellektuellen Diskurse besser verstehen und relativieren, wenn wir sie mit anderen Lösungen und Denktraditionen konfrontieren. Da auch die Leitdisziplinen der Migrationsforschung in unterschiedlichen Ländern nicht dieselben sind, enthält der Band auch einen Pluralismus der Fachzugänge: Soziologen, Politikwissenschaftler, Ethnologen, Ökonomen und Philosophen definieren Migration, Integration und ihre Beziehungen zu den gesellschaftlichen Strukturen. Sie stellen damit Annahmen in Frage, die im jeweiligen Kontext als selbstverständlich gelten.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Thränhardt, Dietrich

Bommes, Michael

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politische Systeme Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft
• Sozialwissenschaften Ethnologie | Volkskunde Volkskunde Minderheiten, Interkulturelle & Multikulturelle Fragen
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Soziologie von Migranten und Minderheiten
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Regierungspolitik Migrations- & Minderheitenpolitik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;7
2;Preface;9
3;Introduction: National Paradigms of Migration Research;11
3.1;I. Nation States as Constitutive Frame for the Problem of International Migration;14
3.2;II. National Paradigms of Migration Research? The Relationship of Politics and Science in Migration Research;26
3.3;References;36
4;Part I: Immigration as a Part of National Identity: Two Traditional Immigration Countries;41
4.1;Canadian Multiculturalism as an Ethos, Policy and Conceptual Lens for Immigration Research;43
4.1.1;Abstract;43
4.1.2;Introduction: Canada as an Immigrant Society in Comparative Perspective;43
4.1.3;The Historic Roots of Canadian Nation Building and the Emergence of Multiculturalism;45
4.1.4;The Multiculturalist Turn of Modern Canadian Society;48
4.1.5;Framing the Research Questions on Migration: Towards a Canadian Paradigm?;52
4.1.6;Conclusions: Towards a Canadian Paradigm?;58
4.1.7;References;59
4.2;Aborigines, Anglos and Asians – Discourses on Multiculturalism and National Identity in Australian Migration Research;63
4.2.1;Abstract;63
4.2.2;Institutionalisation of Research on Immigration, Ethnic and Multicultural Studies;63
4.2.3;Consensus on Multiculturalism;67
4.2.4;Bringing Skin Colour Back In – Discourses on Race and Culture;72
4.2.5;On Race and Land – The Particular Relevance of Space in Australian Discourses on Migration and Multiculturalism;74
4.2.6;Summary;76
4.2.7;References;77
5;Part II: How to Integrate Migration into Old Nation State Narratives;81
5.1;How to Face Reality. Genres of Discourse within Durch Minorities Research;83
5.1.1;Abstract;83
5.1.2;Introduction;83
5.1.3;The Performative Power of Language;84
5.1.4;Genres of Discourse;85
5.1.5;New Realism;94
5.1.6;›Monstrous‹ Alliances;99
5.1.7;The Genre of Heterogeneity;102
5.1.8;Epilogue;105
5.1.9;References;107
5.2;Beyond the Race Relations Model: Old Patterns and New Trends in Britain;111
5.2.1;Abstract;111
5.2.2;British ›Race Relations‹ Research: Model or Disaster?;111
5.2.3;The Disciplinary Structure of British Research;112
5.2.4;The Race Paradigm: Brief Remarks on the Development of a Tradition;113
5.2.5;Current Trends;116
5.2.6;Conclusions;122
5.2.7;References;122
5.3;Migration Research in Germany: The Emergence of a Generalised Research Field in a Reluctant Immigration Country;129
5.3.1;Migration Research on Expellees, Refugees and Ethnic Germans: A Means to Cope with Irreversible Outcomes of the National Catastrophe;130
5.3.2;Migration Research on Labour Migration: The Emergence of Social Integration as the Main Research Paradigm in the German Sozialstaat;135
5.3.3;Migration Research after 1989: The Institutionalisation of General Migration Research in Germany;150
5.3.4;Conclusion;162
5.3.5;References;167
5.4;Migration Studies in Austria – Research at the Margins?;189
5.4.1;Abstract;189
5.4.2;Introduction;189
5.4.3;One Paradigm or Many?;190
5.4.4;Are Paradigms Contested or Widely Shared?;193
5.4.5;Are There Blind Spots in Migration Research?;196
5.4.6;The Institutional Framework;201
5.4.7;References;203
6;Part III: Emerging Research in New Migration Countries;207
6.1;Italy – Migration Research Coming of Age;209
6.1.1;Abstract;209
6.1.2;Introduction;209
6.1.3;Making Sense of Italian Exception. The Prevailing Macro- Structuralist Paradigm;211
6.1.4;From Emergency to Integration, to Security. The Framing of Immigration in the Italian Changing Political Agenda;214
6.1.5;Bringing Actors Back In? Competing Paradigms in Contemporary Migration Research;218
6.1.6;Italian Migration Studies Today. Gaps and Perspectives;226
6.1.7;References;228
6.2;Japan: A Non-Immigration Country Discusses Migration;235
6.2.1;Abstract;235
6.2.2;Japanese Exceptionalism;235
6.2.3;Japan’s Non-Immigration Policy;236
6.2.4;The Beginning: Entertainment and Undocumented Immigrants;239
6.2.5;Little Asylum in Japan;240
6.2.6;Intensity of Discussion;241
6.2.7;Programme 1: Ethnic Japanese;243
6.2.8;Programme 2: Trainees;244
6.2.9;Programme 3: Language Students;245
6.2.10;Research Paradigms and National Context;246
6.2.11;Cultural Approach;246
6.2.12;Human Rights Perspective;247
6.2.13;Focus on Local Municipalities, Communities, and NGOs;249
6.2.14;Desiderata;251
6.2.15;Conclusions;251
6.2.16;References;254
6.3;Migration Research in a Transformation Country: The Polish Case;261
6.3.1;Abstract;261
6.3.2;Open and Hidden Agendas;261
6.3.3;The Social and Political Perception of the Phenomenon of Emigration;262
6.3.4;Changes in Migratory Patterns into Poland after 1989;266
6.3.5;References;268
7;Part IV: New Nation States: Defining Nations and Their Migration Contexts;269
7.1;India and its Diaspora. Changing Research and Policy Paradigms;271
7.1.1;Abstract;271
7.1.2;Introduction;271
7.1.3;National Policy and Research Paradigms and the Indian Diaspora;273
7.1.4;Paradigms in Indian Diaspora Research;287
7.1.5;Internal Migration;295
7.1.6;Conclusions;296
7.1.7;References;297
7.2;The National Context of Migration Research in Malaysia. Which Nation, What State, Whose Migration?;303
7.2.1;Abstract;303
7.2.2;Introduction;303
7.2.3;Contemporary Labour Migration to Malaysia;305
7.2.4;The Ambiguity of the Illegal;307
7.2.5;The Unfinished State;310
7.2.6;Conclusion;313
7.2.7;References;314
7.3;A Paradigm for Nigerian Migration Research?;317
7.3.1;Abstract;317
7.3.2;Introduction: Wrong Questions, Likely Answers;317
7.3.3;Paradigms in Nigerian Research Discourse;318
7.3.4;Migration Policy in Nigeria: A Short Survey;320
7.3.5;Shaping and Agenda Setting in an Autocratic Democracy;321
7.3.6;A Basis for Research: The Nigerian University System;322
7.3.7;Conclusive Remarks: If there is none, do we need one?;323
7.3.8;References;324
7.4;The Authors;325

Leseproben

"How to Face Reality. Genres of Discourse within Durch Minorities Research (p. 81-82)

By Baukje Prins

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview of developments within Dutch minorities studies from the 1980s onward. Starting from a constructivist view of the performativity of language and the situatedness of all knowledge claims, four genres of discourse are discussed, each using its own rhetorical strategies to make readers ›face reality‹, and each appealing to one particular ethical-political value. The genre of denunciation calls for solidarity, the genre of empowerment promotes the value of diversity, while the report is dedicated to the emancipation of minority groups. In the 1990s, due to emerging critical voices in the public debate and the backlash against (Muslim) immigrants since the ›September 11‹ attacks on the US and the murder of Pim Fortuyn in 2002, these three genres gradually lost credibility because of their presumed ›political correctness‹. This led to the dominance of a fourth genre of discourse, that of new realism, which appeals to the value of individual responsibility. Although the four genres seem to be incompatible, this appears to be the case neither in theory nor in practice. Across what look like unsurpassable boundaries, the Dutch discourse has also produced unexpected alliances between these different genres. The chapter concludes with some selfreflexive remarks on the values and political perspective underlying this analysis itself, ending with a plea for exploring an alternative genre, that of heterogeneity, as most suitable to the ethical-political value of a liberal democracy: a responsiveness to otherness and a commitment to justice and fairness for all.

Introduction

Since the early 1980s, the Netherlands have pursued an active policy to further the integration of ethnic minority groups in Dutch society. Subsequent governments put scientific experts to work to investigate the history, socio-economic position and cultural background of different minority groups – investments which testified to a strong belief in social engineering and the ›makeability‹ of Dutch society. In this paper, I will discern four significant genres of discourse within Dutch minorities studies that use different rhetorical strategies to make their readers ›face reality‹.1 Among these are the genre of denunciation and the genre of empowerment.

But the dominant genre within Dutch minorities research has been the genre of the report. Until the early 1990s, most reports represented migrants as members of a particular minority group, i.e. as individuals who are socially and/or economically deprived because of their traditional culture. Emancipation was assumed to be the only way out, and Dutch government could help minorities achieve that aim. A decade ago, however, a new kind of report has come to the fore, in which cultures of minority groups are not so much perceived from the perspective of deprivation, but from the perspective of deviancy.

I will argue that this trend in Dutch minorities research shows a remarkable affinity with a fourth genre of discourse, that of new realism. Since the 1980s, against the assumed ›political correctness‹ of the genres of denunciation, empowerment and report, new realism has become ever more dominant in Dutch public and political debates on immigration and ethnic minorities."

Über Autor(innen)

Thränhardt, Dietrich
Prof. Dr. Dietrich Thränhardt lehrte an der Universität Münster Politikwissenschaft. 2008/09 war er Fellow an der Transatlantic Academy, Washington, mit dem Arbeitsgebiet Vergleichende Politik- und Migrationsforschung.Since 2008/09, Dr. Dietrich Thränhardt, Professor emeritus for Political Science at the University of Münster, Germany, is Senior Fellow at the Transatlantic Academy in Washington D.C.

Bommes, Michael
Dr. Michael Bommes is Professor for Sociology/Methodology of Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Migration Research at the Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies (IMIS) at University of Osnabrück, Germany.

Prof. Dr. Dietrich Thränhardt lehrte an der Universität Münster Politikwissenschaft. 2008/09 war er Fellow an der Transatlantic Academy, Washington, mit dem Arbeitsgebiet Vergleichende Politik- und Migrationsforschung.

Since 2008/09, Dr. Dietrich Thränhardt, Professor emeritus for Political Science at the University of Münster, Germany, is Senior Fellow at the Transatlantic Academy in Washington D.C.

Dr. Michael Bommes is Professor for Sociology/Methodology of Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Migration Research at the Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies (IMIS) at University of Osnabrück, Germany.